我已经尝试了Oracle的Java教程中的两个示例。它们都可以编译，但在运行时，都会出现这个错误:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: graphics/shapes/Square
at Main.main(Main.java:7)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: graphics.shapes.Square
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
... 1 more
我想我可能把Main.java文件放在错误的文件夹里了。
下面是目录层次结构:
graphics
├ Main.java
├ shapes
| ├ Square.java
| ├ Triangle.java
├ linepoint
| ├ Line.java
| ├ Point.java
├ spaceobjects
| ├ Cube.java
| ├ RectPrism.java
这是Main.java:
import graphics.shapes.*;
import graphics.linepoint.*
import graphics.spaceobjects.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Square s = new Square(2, 3, 15);
Line l = new Line(1, 5, 2, 3);
Cube c = new Cube(13, 32, 22);
}
}
我哪里做错了?
更新
在我把Main类放入图形包之后(我添加了图形包;对于它)，将类路径设置为“_test”(包含图形的文件夹)，编译它，并使用Java图形运行它。Main(从命令行)，它工作正常。
真的很晚更新#2
我没有使用Eclipse(只有notepad++和JDK)，上面的更新解决了我的问题。然而，这些答案中似乎有许多是针对Eclipse和IntelliJ IDEA的，但它们具有类似的概念。
Java中的NoClassDefFoundError:
定义:
如果一个类在编译时存在，但在运行时java类路径中不可用，则会出现NoClassDefFoundError。通常，当你获得NoClassDefFoundError时，你会在log中看到下面这行:
线程“main”异常
可能的原因:
The class is not available in Java Classpath.
You might be running your program using jar command and class was not defined in manifest file's ClassPath attribute.
Any start-up script is overriding Classpath environment variable.
Because NoClassDefFoundError is a subclass of java.lang.LinkageError it can also come if one of it dependency like native library may not available.
Check for java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError in your log file. NoClassDefFoundError due to the failure of static initialization is quite common.
If you are working in J2EE environment than the visibility of Class among multiple Classloader can also cause java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, see examples and scenario section for detailed discussion.
可能的决议:
验证所有必需的Java类都包含在应用程序的类路径中。最常见的错误是，在开始执行依赖于一些外部库的Java应用程序之前，没有包括所有必要的类。
应用程序的类路径是正确的，但是classpath环境变量在应用程序执行之前被重写。
验证前面提到的ExceptionInInitializerError没有出现在应用程序的堆栈跟踪中。
资源:
解决Java J2EE中Java .lang. noclassdeffounderror的3种方法
noclassdeffounderror -如何解决没有类Def发现错误
在编译代码之后，程序中的每个类都有.class文件。这些二进制文件是Java解释以执行程序的字节码。NoClassDefFoundError表示负责动态加载类的类加载器(在本例中为java.net.URLClassLoader)无法为您试图使用的类找到.class文件。
Your code wouldn't compile if the required classes weren't present (unless classes are loaded with reflection), so usually this exception means that your classpath doesn't include the required classes. Remember that the classloader (specifically java.net.URLClassLoader) will look for classes in package a.b.c in folder a/b/c/ in each entry in your classpath. NoClassDefFoundError can also indicate that you're missing a transitive dependency of a .jar file that you've compiled against and you're trying to use.
例如，如果你有一个类com.example。Foo，编译后你会有一个类文件Foo。class。例如，您的工作目录是…/project/。那个类文件必须放在…/project/com/example，然后将类路径设置为…/project/。
旁注:我建议充分利用Java和JVM语言的惊人工具。像Eclipse和IntelliJ IDEA这样的现代ide和像Maven或Gradle这样的构建管理工具将帮助您不必担心类路径，而将注意力集中在代码上!也就是说，这个链接解释了在命令行上执行时如何设置类路径。
当在类路径中找不到预期的类时，就会发生无类定义异常。
在编译时类:类是从Java编译器生成的，但在运行时不知道为什么找不到依赖类。
让我们来看一个简单的例子:
public class ClassA{
public static void main(String args[]){
// Some gibberish code...
String text = ClassB.getString();
System.out.println("Text is: " + text);
}
}
public class ClassB{
public static String getString(){
return "Testing some exception";
}
}
现在让我们假设上述两个Java源代码被放置在某个文件夹中，例如“NoClassDefinationFoundExceptionDemo”
现在打开一个shell(假设Java已经正确设置)
Go to folder "NoClassDefinationFoundExceptionDemo"
Compile Java source files
javac ClassB
javac ClassA
Both files are compiled successfully and generated class files in the same folder as ClassA.class and ClassB.class
Now since we are overriding ClassPath to the current working director, we execute the following command
java -cp . ClassA
and it worked successfully and you will see the output on the screen
Now let's say, you removed ClassB.class file from the present directory.
And now you execute the command again.
java -cp . ClassA Now it will greet you with NoClassDefFoundException. As ClassB which is a dependency for ClassA is not found in the classpath (i.e., the present working directory).
