如何将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串,反之亦然?


当前回答

下面还通过允许本机小写选项扩展了这里的优秀答案,并且还处理null或空输入,并使其成为扩展方法。

    /// <summary>
    /// Converts the byte array to a hex string very fast. Excellent job
    /// with code lightly adapted from 'community wiki' here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/14333437/264031
    /// (the function was originally named: ByteToHexBitFiddle). Now allows a native lowerCase option
    /// to be input and allows null or empty inputs (null returns null, empty returns empty).
    /// </summary>
    public static string ToHexString(this byte[] bytes, bool lowerCase = false)
    {
        if (bytes == null)
            return null;
        else if (bytes.Length == 0)
            return "";

        char[] c = new char[bytes.Length * 2];

        int b;
        int xAddToAlpha = lowerCase ? 87 : 55;
        int xAddToDigit = lowerCase ? -39 : -7;

        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++) {

            b = bytes[i] >> 4;
            c[i * 2] = (char)(xAddToAlpha + b + (((b - 10) >> 31) & xAddToDigit));

            b = bytes[i] & 0xF;
            c[i * 2 + 1] = (char)(xAddToAlpha + b + (((b - 10) >> 31) & xAddToDigit));
        }

        string val = new string(c);
        return val;
    }

    public static string ToHexString(this IEnumerable<byte> bytes, bool lowerCase = false)
    {
        if (bytes == null)
            return null;
        byte[] arr = bytes.ToArray();
        return arr.ToHexString(lowerCase);
    }

其他回答

从微软的开发人员那里,一个很好的、简单的转换:

public static string ByteArrayToString(byte[] ba) 
{
    // Concatenate the bytes into one long string
    return ba.Aggregate(new StringBuilder(32),
                            (sb, b) => sb.Append(b.ToString("X2"))
                            ).ToString();
}

虽然上面的内容简洁紧凑,但性能狂热者会使用枚举器对此尖叫不已。通过Tomalak原始答案的改进版本,您可以获得最佳性能:

public static string ByteArrayToString(byte[] ba)   
{   
   StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(ba.Length * 2);   

   for(int i=0; i < ba.Length; i++)       // <-- Use for loop is faster than foreach   
       hex.Append(ba[i].ToString("X2"));   // <-- ToString is faster than AppendFormat   

   return hex.ToString();   
} 

这是迄今为止我在这里看到的所有例程中速度最快的。不要只相信我的话…对每个例程进行性能测试并自行检查其CIL代码。

如果性能很重要,这里有一个优化的解决方案:

    static readonly char[] _hexDigits = "0123456789abcdef".ToCharArray();
    public static string ToHexString(this byte[] bytes)
    {
        char[] digits = new char[bytes.Length * 2];
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
        {
            int d1, d2;
            d1 = Math.DivRem(bytes[i], 16, out d2);
            digits[2 * i] = _hexDigits[d1];
            digits[2 * i + 1] = _hexDigits[d2];
        }
        return new string(digits);
    }

它比BitConverter.ToString快2.5倍,比BitConverter.ToString+删除“-”字符快7倍。

另一种基于查找表的方法。该方法只为每个字节使用一个查找表,而不是为每个半字节使用查找表。

private static readonly uint[] _lookup32 = CreateLookup32();

private static uint[] CreateLookup32()
{
    var result = new uint[256];
    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
    {
        string s=i.ToString("X2");
        result[i] = ((uint)s[0]) + ((uint)s[1] << 16);
    }
    return result;
}

private static string ByteArrayToHexViaLookup32(byte[] bytes)
{
    var lookup32 = _lookup32;
    var result = new char[bytes.Length * 2];
    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
    {
        var val = lookup32[bytes[i]];
        result[2*i] = (char)val;
        result[2*i + 1] = (char) (val >> 16);
    }
    return new string(result);
}

我还使用查找表中的ushort、struct{char X1,X2}、struct{byte X1,X2}测试了这个变体。

根据编译目标(x86、X64)的不同,它们要么具有大致相同的性能,要么稍慢于此变体。


为了获得更高的性能,其不安全的兄弟:

private static readonly uint[] _lookup32Unsafe = CreateLookup32Unsafe();
private static readonly uint* _lookup32UnsafeP = (uint*)GCHandle.Alloc(_lookup32Unsafe,GCHandleType.Pinned).AddrOfPinnedObject();

private static uint[] CreateLookup32Unsafe()
{
    var result = new uint[256];
    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
    {
        string s=i.ToString("X2");
        if(BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
            result[i] = ((uint)s[0]) + ((uint)s[1] << 16);
        else
            result[i] = ((uint)s[1]) + ((uint)s[0] << 16);
    }
    return result;
}

public static string ByteArrayToHexViaLookup32Unsafe(byte[] bytes)
{
    var lookupP = _lookup32UnsafeP;
    var result = new char[bytes.Length * 2];
    fixed(byte* bytesP = bytes)
    fixed (char* resultP = result)
    {
        uint* resultP2 = (uint*)resultP;
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
        {
            resultP2[i] = lookupP[bytesP[i]];
        }
    }
    return new string(result);
}

或者如果您认为可以直接写入字符串:

public static string ByteArrayToHexViaLookup32UnsafeDirect(byte[] bytes)
{
    var lookupP = _lookup32UnsafeP;
    var result = new string((char)0, bytes.Length * 2);
    fixed (byte* bytesP = bytes)
    fixed (char* resultP = result)
    {
        uint* resultP2 = (uint*)resultP;
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
        {
            resultP2[i] = lookupP[bytesP[i]];
        }
    }
    return result;
}

如果你想得到wcoenen报告的“4倍速度增长”,那么如果不明显:用hex[i]+hex[i+1]替换hex.Substring(i,2)

您还可以再进一步,通过在两个地方使用i++来消除i+=2。

对于插入SQL字符串(如果不使用命令参数):

public static String ByteArrayToSQLHexString(byte[] Source)
{
    return = "0x" + BitConverter.ToString(Source).Replace("-", "");
}