如果您想提取最后一个文件扩展名，如果它有多个

class functions:
    def listdir(self, filepath):
        return os.listdir(filepath)
    
func = functions()

os.chdir("C:\\Users\Asus-pc\Downloads") #absolute path, change this to your directory
current_dir = os.getcwd()

for i in range(len(func.listdir(current_dir))): #i is set to numbers of files and directories on path directory
    if os.path.isfile((func.listdir(current_dir))[i]): #check if it is a file
        fileName = func.listdir(current_dir)[i] #put the current filename into a variable
        rev_fileName = fileName[::-1] #reverse the filename
        currentFileExtension = rev_fileName[:rev_fileName.index('.')][::-1] #extract from beginning until before .
        print(currentFileExtension) #output can be mp3,pdf,ini,exe, depends on the file on your absolute directory

输出为mp3，即使只有一个扩展名也能正常工作

对于简单的用例，一个选项可能是从点拆分：

>>> filename = "example.jpeg"
>>> filename.split(".")[-1]
'jpeg'

文件没有扩展名时没有错误：

>>> "filename".split(".")[-1]
'filename'

但你必须小心：

>>> "png".split(".")[-1]
'png'    # But file doesn't have an extension

也不会在Unix系统中处理隐藏文件：

>>> ".bashrc".split(".")[-1]
'bashrc'    # But this is not an extension

对于一般用途，首选os.path.splitext

filename='ext.tar.gz'
extension = filename[filename.rfind('.'):]

为了好玩。。。只需收集dict中的扩展，并在文件夹中跟踪所有扩展。然后，只要拉动你想要的延伸部分。

import os

search = {}

for f in os.listdir(os.getcwd()):
    fn, fe = os.path.splitext(f)
    try:
        search[fe].append(f)
    except:
        search[fe]=[f,]

extensions = ('.png','.jpg')
for ex in extensions:
    found = search.get(ex,'')
    if found:
        print(found)

最简单的获取方法是使用mimtypes，下面是示例：

import mimetypes

mt = mimetypes.guess_type("file name")
file_extension =  mt[0]
print(file_extension)

import os.path
extension = os.path.splitext(filename)[1]