我最近一直在用c#和Java编程，我很好奇初始化我的类字段的最佳位置在哪里。
我应该在申报时申报吗?：
public class Dice
{
private int topFace = 1;
private Random myRand = new Random();
public void Roll()
{
// ......
}
}
或者在构造函数中?：
public class Dice
{
private int topFace;
private Random myRand;
public Dice()
{
topFace = 1;
myRand = new Random();
}
public void Roll()
{
// .....
}
}
我很好奇你们这些老兵认为最好的做法是什么。我想保持一致，坚持一种方法。
当前回答
我的规则:
不要初始化声明中的默认值(null, false, 0, 0.0…) 如果没有改变字段值的构造函数形参，最好在声明中初始化。 如果字段的值因构造函数形参而改变，则将初始化放在构造函数中。 坚持练习(这是最重要的规则)。
其他回答
我的规则:
不要初始化声明中的默认值(null, false, 0, 0.0…) 如果没有改变字段值的构造函数形参，最好在声明中初始化。 如果字段的值因构造函数形参而改变，则将初始化放在构造函数中。 坚持练习(这是最重要的规则)。
当你不需要一些逻辑或错误处理时:
在声明时初始化类字段
当你需要一些逻辑或错误处理时:
在构造函数中初始化类字段
当初始化值可用时，这工作得很好 初始化可以放在一行上。然而，这种形式 初始化因为简单而有局限性。如果 初始化需要一些逻辑(例如，错误处理或 对于循环填充复杂数组)，简单的赋值是不够的。 实例变量可以在构造函数中初始化，其中error 可以使用处理或其他逻辑。
来自https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/initial.html。
In Java, an initializer with the declaration means the field is always initialized the same way, regardless of which constructor is used (if you have more than one) or the parameters of your constructors (if they have arguments), although a constructor might subsequently change the value (if it is not final). So using an initializer with a declaration suggests to a reader that the initialized value is the value that the field has in all cases, regardless of which constructor is used and regardless of the parameters passed to any constructor. Therefore use an initializer with the declaration only if, and always if, the value for all constructed objects is the same.
Consider the situation where you have more than one constructor. Will the initialization be different for the different constructors? If they will be the same, then why repeat for each constructor? This is in line with kokos statement, but may not be related to parameters. Let's say, for example, you want to keep a flag which shows how the object was created. Then that flag would be initialized differently for different constructors regardless of the constructor parameters. On the other hand, if you repeat the same initialization for each constructor you leave the possibility that you (unintentionally) change the initialization parameter in some of the constructors but not in others. So, the basic concept here is that common code should have a common location and not be potentially repeated in different locations. So I would say always put it in the declaration until you have a specific situation where that no longer works for you.
假设您的示例中的类型，肯定更喜欢在构造函数中初始化字段。例外情况包括:
静态类/方法中的字段 字段类型为static/final/et al
我总是认为类顶部的字段列表是目录(这里包含什么，而不是如何使用它)，构造函数是介绍。方法当然是章节。
