我一直把它保存在util文件中。您也可以在自己的类中使用它作为mixin。

class dotdict(dict):
    """dot.notation access to dictionary attributes"""
    __getattr__ = dict.get
    __setattr__ = dict.__setitem__
    __delattr__ = dict.__delitem__

mydict = {'val':'it works'}
nested_dict = {'val':'nested works too'}
mydict = dotdict(mydict)
mydict.val
# 'it works'

mydict.nested = dotdict(nested_dict)
mydict.nested.val
# 'nested works too'

您可以使用SimpleNamespace来实现这一点

from types import SimpleNamespace
# Assign values
args = SimpleNamespace()
args.username = 'admin'

# Retrive values
print(args.username)  # output: admin

你可以用我刚做的这个类来做。对于这个类，您可以像使用另一个字典(包括json序列化)一样使用Map对象，或者使用点表示法。希望对大家有所帮助:

class Map(dict):
    """
    Example:
    m = Map({'first_name': 'Eduardo'}, last_name='Pool', age=24, sports=['Soccer'])
    """
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(Map, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        for arg in args:
            if isinstance(arg, dict):
                for k, v in arg.iteritems():
                    self[k] = v

        if kwargs:
            for k, v in kwargs.iteritems():
                self[k] = v

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        return self.get(attr)

    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
        self.__setitem__(key, value)

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        super(Map, self).__setitem__(key, value)
        self.__dict__.update({key: value})

    def __delattr__(self, item):
        self.__delitem__(item)

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        super(Map, self).__delitem__(key)
        del self.__dict__[key]

使用例子:

m = Map({'first_name': 'Eduardo'}, last_name='Pool', age=24, sports=['Soccer'])
# Add new key
m.new_key = 'Hello world!'
# Or
m['new_key'] = 'Hello world!'
print m.new_key
print m['new_key']
# Update values
m.new_key = 'Yay!'
# Or
m['new_key'] = 'Yay!'
# Delete key
del m.new_key
# Or
del m['new_key']

我只需要使用虚线路径字符串访问字典，所以我想到了:

def get_value_from_path(dictionary, parts):
    """ extracts a value from a dictionary using a dotted path string """

    if type(parts) is str:
        parts = parts.split('.')

    if len(parts) > 1:
        return get_value_from_path(dictionary[parts[0]], parts[1:])

    return dictionary[parts[0]]

a = {'a':{'b':'c'}}
print(get_value_from_path(a, 'a.b')) # c

这是我从很久以前的一个项目里挖出来的。它可能还可以再优化一点，但就是这样了。

class DotNotation(dict):
    
    __setattr__= dict.__setitem__
    __delattr__= dict.__delitem__

    def __init__(self, data):
        if isinstance(data, str):
            data = json.loads(data)
    
        for name, value in data.items():
            setattr(self, name, self._wrap(value))

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        def _traverse(obj, attr):
            if self._is_indexable(obj):
                try:
                    return obj[int(attr)]
                except:
                    return None
            elif isinstance(obj, dict):
                return obj.get(attr, None)
            else:
                return attr
        if '.' in attr:
            return reduce(_traverse, attr.split('.'), self)
        return self.get(attr, None)

    def _wrap(self, value):
        if self._is_indexable(value):
            # (!) recursive (!)
            return type(value)([self._wrap(v) for v in value])
        elif isinstance(value, dict):
            return DotNotation(value)
        else:
            return value
    
    @staticmethod
    def _is_indexable(obj):
        return isinstance(obj, (tuple, list, set, frozenset))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_dict = {
        "dimensions": {
            "length": "112",
            "width": "103",
            "height": "42"
        },
        "meta_data": [
            {
                "id": 11089769,
                "key": "imported_gallery_files",
                "value": [
                    "https://example.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/unnamed-3.jpg",
                    "https://example.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/unnamed-2.jpg",
                    "https://example.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/unnamed-4.jpg"
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
    dotted_dict = DotNotation(test_dict)
    print(dotted_dict.dimensions.length) # => '112'
    print(getattr(dotted_dict, 'dimensions.length')) # => '112'
    print(dotted_dict.meta_data[0].key) # => 'imported_gallery_files'
    print(getattr(dotted_dict, 'meta_data.0.key')) # => 'imported_gallery_files'
    print(dotted_dict.meta_data[0].value) # => ['link1','link2','link2']
    print(getattr(dotted_dict, 'meta_data.0.value')) # => ['link1','link2','link3']
    print(dotted_dict.meta_data[0].value[2]) # => 'link3'
    print(getattr(dotted_dict, 'meta_data.0.value.2')) # => 'link3'

我试了一下:

class dotdict(dict):
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        return self[name]

你也可以尝试__getattribute__。

使每个字典都是一种类型的dotdict就足够了，如果你想从多层字典初始化它，也可以尝试实现__init__。