下面是在Java 8中使用http://www.vavr.io/来实现这一功能的方法

import static io.vavr.API.*;
import static io.vavr.Predicates.instanceOf;
public Throwable liftRootCause(final Throwable throwable) {
        return Match(throwable).of(
                Case($(instanceOf(CompletionException.class)), Throwable::getCause),
                Case($(instanceOf(ExecutionException.class)), Throwable::getCause),
                Case($(), th -> th)
        );
    }

While it is not possible to write a switch statement, it is possible to branch out to specific processing for each given type. One way of doing this is to use standard double dispatch mechanism. An example where we want to "switch" based on type is Jersey Exception mapper where we need to map multitude of exceptions to error responses. While for this specific case there is probably a better way (i.e. using a polymorphic method that translates each exception to an error response), using double dispatch mechanism is still useful and practical.

interface Processable {
    <R> R process(final Processor<R> processor);
}

interface Processor<R> {
    R process(final A a);
    R process(final B b);
    R process(final C c);
    // for each type of Processable
    ...
}

class A implements Processable {
    // other class logic here

    <R> R process(final Processor<R> processor){
        return processor.process(this);
    }
}

class B implements Processable {
    // other class logic here

    <R> R process(final Processor<R> processor){
        return processor.process(this);
    }
}

class C implements Processable {
    // other class logic here

    <R> R process(final Processor<R> processor){
        return processor.process(this);
    }
}

然后在任何需要“开关”的地方，你可以这样做:

public class LogProcessor implements Processor<String> {
    private static final Logger log = Logger.for(LogProcessor.class);

    public void logIt(final Processable base) {
        log.info("Logging for type {}", process(base));
    }

    // Processor methods, these are basically the effective "case" statements
    String process(final A a) {
        return "Stringifying A";
    }

    String process(final B b) {
        return "Stringifying B";
    }

    String process(final C c) {
        return "Stringifying C";
    }
}

还有一种更简单的方法来模拟使用instanceof的开关结构，你可以通过在方法中创建一个代码块并用标签命名它来实现。然后使用if结构来模拟case语句。如果情况为真，则使用断点LABEL_NAME来退出临时的开关结构。

        DEFINE_TYPE:
        {
            if (a instanceof x){
                //do something
                break DEFINE_TYPE;
            }
            if (a instanceof y){
               //do something
                break DEFINE_TYPE;
            }
            if (a instanceof z){
                // do something
                break DEFINE_TYPE;
            }
        }

这是子类型多态有助于实现的典型场景。执行以下步骤

interface I {
  void do();
}

class A implements I { void do() { doA() } ... }
class B implements I { void do() { doB() } ... }
class C implements I { void do() { doC() } ... }

然后您可以简单地在此上调用do()。

如果您不能自由地更改A、B和C，则可以应用访问者模式来实现相同的目的。

java 7 +

public <T> T process(Object model) {
    switch (model.getClass().getSimpleName()) {
    case "Trade":
        return processTrade((Trade) model);
    case "InsuranceTransaction":
        return processInsuranceTransaction((InsuranceTransaction) model);
    case "CashTransaction":
        return processCashTransaction((CashTransaction) model);
    case "CardTransaction":
        return processCardTransaction((CardTransaction) model);
    case "TransferTransaction":
        return processTransferTransaction((TransferTransaction) model);
    case "ClientAccount":
        return processAccount((ClientAccount) model);
    ...
    default:
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(model.getClass().getSimpleName());
    }
}

你可以通过在getSimpleName中引入常量并使用完整的类名来省略字符串操作，这甚至更快:

public static final TRADE = Trade.class.getName();
...
switch (model.getClass().getName()) {
case TRADE:

正如前面的回答所讨论的，传统的面向对象方法是使用多态性而不是开关。对于这种技巧，甚至有一个经过良好记录的重构模式:用多态性替换Conditional。每当我使用这种方法时，我也喜欢实现一个Null对象来提供默认行为。

从Java 8开始，我们可以使用lambda和泛型来提供函数式程序员非常熟悉的东西:模式匹配。它不是语言的核心特性，但是VAVR库(以前是Javaslang库)提供了一个实现。文档中的例子:

Match.ofType(Number.class)
    .caze((Integer i) -> i)
    .caze((String s) -> new BigDecimal(s))
    .orElse(() -> -1)
    .apply(1.0d); // result: -1

它不是Java世界中最自然的范例，所以要谨慎使用。虽然泛型方法将使您不必对匹配的值进行类型转换，但我们缺少一种分解匹配对象的标准方法，例如Scala的case类。