假设我有两个c++类:

class A
{
public:
  A() { fn(); }

  virtual void fn() { _n = 1; }
  int getn() { return _n; }

protected:
  int _n;
};

class B : public A
{
public:
  B() : A() {}

  virtual void fn() { _n = 2; }
};

如果我写下面的代码:

int main()
{
  B b;
  int n = b.getn();
}

有人可能认为n被设为2。

结果是n被设为1。为什么?


当前回答

Firstly,Object is created and then we assign it 's address to pointers.Constructors are called at the time of object creation and used to initializ the value of data members. Pointer to object comes into scenario after object creation. Thats why, C++ do not allows us to make constructors as virtual . .another reason is that, There is nothing like pointer to constructor , which can point to virtual constructor,because one of the property of virtual function is that it can be used by pointers only.

虚函数用于动态赋值,因为构造函数是静态的,所以我们不能将它们设为虚函数。

其他回答

原因是c++对象的构造就像洋葱,由内而外。基类在派生类之前构造。所以,在生成B之前,必须先生成a。当调用A的构造函数时,它还不是B,因此虚函数表中仍然有A的fn()副本的条目。

正如已经指出的那样,对象是在构造时创建的。在构造基对象时,派生对象还不存在,因此虚函数重写不能工作。

然而,如果你的getter返回常量,这可以用多态getter来解决,多态getter使用静态多态性而不是虚函数,或者可以在静态成员函数中表示。本例使用CRTP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiously_recurring_template_pattern)。

template<typename DerivedClass>
class Base
{
public:
    inline Base() :
    foo(DerivedClass::getFoo())
    {}

    inline int fooSq() {
        return foo * foo;
    }

    const int foo;
};

class A : public Base<A>
{
public:
    inline static int getFoo() { return 1; }
};

class B : public Base<B>
{
public:
    inline static int getFoo() { return 2; }
};

class C : public Base<C>
{
public:
    inline static int getFoo() { return 3; }
};

int main()
{
    A a;
    B b;
    C c;

    std::cout << a.fooSq() << ", " << b.fooSq() << ", " << c.fooSq() << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

通过使用静态多态性,基类知道在编译时提供信息时调用哪个类的getter。

Firstly,Object is created and then we assign it 's address to pointers.Constructors are called at the time of object creation and used to initializ the value of data members. Pointer to object comes into scenario after object creation. Thats why, C++ do not allows us to make constructors as virtual . .another reason is that, There is nothing like pointer to constructor , which can point to virtual constructor,because one of the property of virtual function is that it can be used by pointers only.

虚函数用于动态赋值,因为构造函数是静态的,所以我们不能将它们设为虚函数。

在对象的构造函数调用期间,虚函数指针表没有完全构建。这样做通常不会给你带来你期望的行为。在这种情况下调用虚函数可能有效,但不能保证,应该避免使用,以便便于移植并遵循c++标准。

我看不出这里虚拟关键词的重要性。B是一个静态类型变量,它的类型由编译器在编译时确定。函数调用不会引用虚表。当b被构造时,它的父类的构造函数被调用,这就是为什么_n的值被设置为1。