如果有人想要另一种方法来解决这个问题，这是我的解决方案。

优点:简洁、声明性和函数式风格(递归，没有突变)。

潜在缺点:这可能不是你想要的合并。查阅文档字符串以了解语义。

def deep_merge(a, b):
    """
    Merge two values, with `b` taking precedence over `a`.

    Semantics:
    - If either `a` or `b` is not a dictionary, `a` will be returned only if
      `b` is `None`. Otherwise `b` will be returned.
    - If both values are dictionaries, they are merged as follows:
        * Each key that is found only in `a` or only in `b` will be included in
          the output collection with its value intact.
        * For any key in common between `a` and `b`, the corresponding values
          will be merged with the same semantics.
    """
    if not isinstance(a, dict) or not isinstance(b, dict):
        return a if b is None else b
    else:
        # If we're here, both a and b must be dictionaries or subtypes thereof.

        # Compute set of all keys in both dictionaries.
        keys = set(a.keys()) | set(b.keys())

        # Build output dictionary, merging recursively values with common keys,
        # where `None` is used to mean the absence of a value.
        return {
            key: deep_merge(a.get(key), b.get(key))
            for key in keys
        }

from collections import defaultdict
from itertools import chain

class DictHelper:

@staticmethod
def merge_dictionaries(*dictionaries, override=True):
    merged_dict = defaultdict(set)
    all_unique_keys = set(chain(*[list(dictionary.keys()) for dictionary in dictionaries]))  # Build a set using all dict keys
    for key in all_unique_keys:
        keys_value_type = list(set(filter(lambda obj_type: obj_type != type(None), [type(dictionary.get(key, None)) for dictionary in dictionaries])))
        # Establish the object type for each key, return None if key is not present in dict and remove None from final result
        if len(keys_value_type) != 1:
            raise Exception("Different objects type for same key: {keys_value_type}".format(keys_value_type=keys_value_type))

        if keys_value_type[0] == list:
            values = list(chain(*[dictionary.get(key, []) for dictionary in dictionaries]))  # Extract the value for each key
            merged_dict[key].update(values)

        elif keys_value_type[0] == dict:
            # Extract all dictionaries by key and enter in recursion
            dicts_to_merge = list(filter(lambda obj: obj != None, [dictionary.get(key, None) for dictionary in dictionaries]))
            merged_dict[key] = DictHelper.merge_dictionaries(*dicts_to_merge)

        else:
            # if override => get value from last dictionary else make a list of all values
            values = list(filter(lambda obj: obj != None, [dictionary.get(key, None) for dictionary in dictionaries]))
            merged_dict[key] = values[-1] if override else values

    return dict(merged_dict)



if __name__ == '__main__':
  d1 = {'aaaaaaaaa': ['to short', 'to long'], 'bbbbb': ['to short', 'to long'], "cccccc": ["the is a test"]}
  d2 = {'aaaaaaaaa': ['field is not a bool'], 'bbbbb': ['field is not a bool']}
  d3 = {'aaaaaaaaa': ['filed is not a string', "to short"], 'bbbbb': ['field is not an integer']}
  print(DictHelper.merge_dictionaries(d1, d2, d3))

  d4 = {"a": {"x": 1, "y": 2, "z": 3, "d": {"x1": 10}}}
  d5 = {"a": {"x": 10, "y": 20, "d": {"x2": 20}}}
  print(DictHelper.merge_dictionaries(d4, d5))

输出:

{'bbbbb': {'to long', 'field is not an integer', 'to short', 'field is not a bool'}, 
'aaaaaaaaa': {'to long', 'to short', 'filed is not a string', 'field is not a bool'}, 
'cccccc': {'the is a test'}}

{'a': {'y': 20, 'd': {'x1': 10, 'x2': 20}, 'z': 3, 'x': 10}}

class Utils(object):

    """

    >>> a = { 'first' : { 'all_rows' : { 'pass' : 'dog', 'number' : '1' } } }
    >>> b = { 'first' : { 'all_rows' : { 'fail' : 'cat', 'number' : '5' } } }
    >>> Utils.merge_dict(b, a) == { 'first' : { 'all_rows' : { 'pass' : 'dog', 'fail' : 'cat', 'number' : '5' } } }
    True

    >>> main = {'a': {'b': {'test': 'bug'}, 'c': 'C'}}
    >>> suply = {'a': {'b': 2, 'd': 'D', 'c': {'test': 'bug2'}}}
    >>> Utils.merge_dict(main, suply) == {'a': {'b': {'test': 'bug'}, 'c': 'C', 'd': 'D'}}
    True

    """

    @staticmethod
    def merge_dict(main, suply):
        """
        获取融合的字典，以main为主,suply补充,冲突时以main为准
        :return:
        """
        for key, value in suply.items():
            if key in main:
                if isinstance(main[key], dict):
                    if isinstance(value, dict):
                        Utils.merge_dict(main[key], value)
                    else:
                        pass
                else:
                    pass
            else:
                main[key] = value
        return main

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()

这实际上是相当棘手的-特别是如果你想要一个有用的错误消息时，事情是不一致的，同时正确地接受重复但一致的条目(这是这里没有其他答案做的..)。

假设你没有大量的条目，递归函数是最简单的:

from functools import reduce

def merge(a, b, path=None):
    "merges b into a"
    if path is None: path = []
    for key in b:
        if key in a:
            if isinstance(a[key], dict) and isinstance(b[key], dict):
                merge(a[key], b[key], path + [str(key)])
            elif a[key] == b[key]:
                pass # same leaf value
            else:
                raise Exception('Conflict at %s' % '.'.join(path + [str(key)]))
        else:
            a[key] = b[key]
    return a

# works
print(merge({1:{"a":"A"},2:{"b":"B"}}, {2:{"c":"C"},3:{"d":"D"}}))
# has conflict
merge({1:{"a":"A"},2:{"b":"B"}}, {1:{"a":"A"},2:{"b":"C"}})

注意，这会使a发生变化——b的内容被添加到a(也会返回a)。如果你想保留a，你可以叫它merge(dict(a) b)

Agf指出(下面)，你可能有两个以上的字典，在这种情况下，你可以使用:

reduce(merge, [dict1, dict2, dict3...])

所有内容都将被添加到dict1中。

注意:我编辑了我的初始答案以改变第一个参数;这使得“reduce”更容易解释

这应该有助于将所有项从dict2合并到dict1:

for item in dict2:
    if item in dict1:
        for leaf in dict2[item]:
            dict1[item][leaf] = dict2[item][leaf]
    else:
        dict1[item] = dict2[item]

请测试一下，告诉我们这是否是你想要的。

编辑:

上述解决方案只合并了一个级别，但正确地解决了op给出的例子。如果合并多个级别，应该使用递归。

如果你有一个未知级别的字典，那么我会建议一个递归函数:

def combineDicts(dictionary1, dictionary2):
    output = {}
    for item, value in dictionary1.iteritems():
        if dictionary2.has_key(item):
            if isinstance(dictionary2[item], dict):
                output[item] = combineDicts(value, dictionary2.pop(item))
        else:
            output[item] = value
    for item, value in dictionary2.iteritems():
         output[item] = value
    return output