当目标是Debian机器时，我发现lockfile-progs包是一个很好的解决方案。Procmail还附带了一个锁文件工具。然而，有时这两种情况我都无法解决。

下面是我的解决方案，它使用mkdir来检测原子性，并使用PID文件来检测过期的锁。这段代码目前在Cygwin安装环境中运行，运行良好。

要使用它，当您需要独占访问某些东西时，只需调用exclusive_lock_require。一个可选的锁名参数允许您在不同的脚本之间共享锁。如果需要更复杂的功能，还有两个较低级别的函数(exclusive_lock_try和exclusive_lock_retry)。

function exclusive_lock_try() # [lockname]
{

    local LOCK_NAME="${1:-`basename $0`}"

    LOCK_DIR="/tmp/.${LOCK_NAME}.lock"
    local LOCK_PID_FILE="${LOCK_DIR}/${LOCK_NAME}.pid"

    if [ -e "$LOCK_DIR" ]
    then
        local LOCK_PID="`cat "$LOCK_PID_FILE" 2> /dev/null`"
        if [ ! -z "$LOCK_PID" ] && kill -0 "$LOCK_PID" 2> /dev/null
        then
            # locked by non-dead process
            echo "\"$LOCK_NAME\" lock currently held by PID $LOCK_PID"
            return 1
        else
            # orphaned lock, take it over
            ( echo $$ > "$LOCK_PID_FILE" ) 2> /dev/null && local LOCK_PID="$$"
        fi
    fi
    if [ "`trap -p EXIT`" != "" ]
    then
        # already have an EXIT trap
        echo "Cannot get lock, already have an EXIT trap"
        return 1
    fi
    if [ "$LOCK_PID" != "$$" ] &&
        ! ( umask 077 && mkdir "$LOCK_DIR" && umask 177 && echo $$ > "$LOCK_PID_FILE" ) 2> /dev/null
    then
        local LOCK_PID="`cat "$LOCK_PID_FILE" 2> /dev/null`"
        # unable to acquire lock, new process got in first
        echo "\"$LOCK_NAME\" lock currently held by PID $LOCK_PID"
        return 1
    fi
    trap "/bin/rm -rf \"$LOCK_DIR\"; exit;" EXIT

    return 0 # got lock

}

function exclusive_lock_retry() # [lockname] [retries] [delay]
{

    local LOCK_NAME="$1"
    local MAX_TRIES="${2:-5}"
    local DELAY="${3:-2}"

    local TRIES=0
    local LOCK_RETVAL

    while [ "$TRIES" -lt "$MAX_TRIES" ]
    do

        if [ "$TRIES" -gt 0 ]
        then
            sleep "$DELAY"
        fi
        local TRIES=$(( $TRIES + 1 ))

        if [ "$TRIES" -lt "$MAX_TRIES" ]
        then
            exclusive_lock_try "$LOCK_NAME" > /dev/null
        else
            exclusive_lock_try "$LOCK_NAME"
        fi
        LOCK_RETVAL="${PIPESTATUS[0]}"

        if [ "$LOCK_RETVAL" -eq 0 ]
        then
            return 0
        fi

    done

    return "$LOCK_RETVAL"

}

function exclusive_lock_require() # [lockname] [retries] [delay]
{
    if ! exclusive_lock_retry "$@"
    then
        exit 1
    fi
}

下面是一种方法，它结合了原子目录锁定和通过PID检查过期锁，如果过期就重新启动。此外，这并不依赖于任何羞怯。

#!/bin/dash

SCRIPTNAME=$(basename $0)
LOCKDIR="/var/lock/${SCRIPTNAME}"
PIDFILE="${LOCKDIR}/pid"

if ! mkdir $LOCKDIR 2>/dev/null
then
    # lock failed, but check for stale one by checking if the PID is really existing
    PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
    if ! kill -0 $PID 2>/dev/null
    then
       echo "Removing stale lock of nonexistent PID ${PID}" >&2
       rm -rf $LOCKDIR
       echo "Restarting myself (${SCRIPTNAME})" >&2
       exec "$0" "$@"
    fi
    echo "$SCRIPTNAME is already running, bailing out" >&2
    exit 1
else
    # lock successfully acquired, save PID
    echo $$ > $PIDFILE
fi

trap "rm -rf ${LOCKDIR}" QUIT INT TERM EXIT


echo hello

sleep 30s

echo bye

如果flock的限制，这已经在这篇文章的其他地方描述过了，对你来说不是问题，那么这应该是有效的:

#!/bin/bash

{
    # exit if we are unable to obtain a lock; this would happen if 
    # the script is already running elsewhere
    # note: -x (exclusive) is the default
    flock -n 100 || exit

    # put commands to run here
    sleep 100
} 100>/tmp/myjob.lock 

我使用一种简单的方法来处理过期的锁文件。

注意，上面的一些解决方案存储pid，忽略了pid可以环绕的事实。因此，仅仅检查是否有一个有效的进程与存储的pid是不够的，特别是对于长时间运行的脚本。

我使用noclobber来确保一次只能打开一个脚本并写入锁文件。此外，我在锁文件中存储了足够的信息来惟一地标识一个进程。我定义了一组数据来唯一地标识一个进程为pid、ppid、lstart。

当一个新脚本启动时，如果它未能创建锁文件，那么它将验证创建锁文件的进程是否仍然存在。如果不是，我们假设原始进程不体面地死亡，并留下一个过时的锁文件。然后，新脚本获得锁文件的所有权，一切又恢复正常了。

应该与跨多个平台的多个shell一起工作。快速、便携、简单。

#!/usr/bin/env sh
# Author: rouble

LOCKFILE=/var/tmp/lockfile #customize this line

trap release INT TERM EXIT

# Creates a lockfile. Sets global variable $ACQUIRED to true on success.
# 
# Returns 0 if it is successfully able to create lockfile.
acquire () {
    set -C #Shell noclobber option. If file exists, > will fail.
    UUID=`ps -eo pid,ppid,lstart $$ | tail -1`
    if (echo "$UUID" > "$LOCKFILE") 2>/dev/null; then
        ACQUIRED="TRUE"
        return 0
    else
        if [ -e $LOCKFILE ]; then 
            # We may be dealing with a stale lock file.
            # Bring out the magnifying glass. 
            CURRENT_UUID_FROM_LOCKFILE=`cat $LOCKFILE`
            CURRENT_PID_FROM_LOCKFILE=`cat $LOCKFILE | cut -f 1 -d " "`
            CURRENT_UUID_FROM_PS=`ps -eo pid,ppid,lstart $CURRENT_PID_FROM_LOCKFILE | tail -1`
            if [ "$CURRENT_UUID_FROM_LOCKFILE" == "$CURRENT_UUID_FROM_PS" ]; then 
                echo "Script already running with following identification: $CURRENT_UUID_FROM_LOCKFILE" >&2
                return 1
            else
                # The process that created this lock file died an ungraceful death. 
                # Take ownership of the lock file.
                echo "The process $CURRENT_UUID_FROM_LOCKFILE is no longer around. Taking ownership of $LOCKFILE"
                release "FORCE"
                if (echo "$UUID" > "$LOCKFILE") 2>/dev/null; then
                    ACQUIRED="TRUE"
                    return 0
                else
                    echo "Cannot write to $LOCKFILE. Error." >&2
                    return 1
                fi
            fi
        else
            echo "Do you have write permissons to $LOCKFILE ?" >&2
            return 1
        fi
    fi
}

# Removes the lock file only if this script created it ($ACQUIRED is set), 
# OR, if we are removing a stale lock file (first parameter is "FORCE") 
release () {
    #Destroy lock file. Take no prisoners.
    if [ "$ACQUIRED" ] || [ "$1" == "FORCE" ]; then
        rm -f $LOCKFILE
    fi
}

# Test code
# int main( int argc, const char* argv[] )
echo "Acquring lock."
acquire
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then 
    echo "Acquired lock."
    read -p "Press [Enter] key to release lock..."
    release
    echo "Released lock."
else
    echo "Unable to acquire lock."
fi

创建一个锁定文件在一个已知的位置，并检查是否存在脚本启动?如果有人试图追踪阻止脚本执行的错误实例，那么将PID放在文件中可能会有帮助。

if [ 1 -ne $(/bin/fuser "$0" 2>/dev/null | wc -w) ]; then
    exit 1
fi