在PHP中，这为我做了(假设文件名是UTF8编码):

header('Content-Disposition: attachment;'
    . 'filename="' . addslashes(utf8_decode($filename)) . '";'
    . 'filename*=utf-8\'\'' . rawurlencode($filename));

在IE8-11、Firefox和Chrome浏览器上进行测试。 如果浏览器可以解释文件名*=utf-8，它将使用文件名的UTF8版本，否则它将使用解码后的文件名。如果你的文件名包含的字符不能在ISO-8859-1中表示，你可能要考虑使用iconv代替。

我使用以下代码片段进行编码(假设fileName包含文件的文件名和扩展名，即:test.txt):

PHP:

if ( strpos ( $_SERVER [ 'HTTP_USER_AGENT' ], "MSIE" ) > 0 )
{
     header ( 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . rawurlencode ( $fileName ) . '"' );
}
else
{
     header( 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*=UTF-8\'\'' . rawurlencode ( $fileName ) );
}

Java:

fileName = request.getHeader ( "user-agent" ).contains ( "MSIE" ) ? URLEncoder.encode ( fileName, "utf-8") : MimeUtility.encodeWord ( fileName );
response.setHeader ( "Content-disposition", "attachment; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"");

只是一个更新，因为我今天为了回应一个客户的问题而尝试了所有这些东西

With the exception of Safari configured for Japanese, all browsers our customer tested worked best with filename=text.pdf - where text is a customer value serialized by ASP.Net/IIS in utf-8 without url encoding. For some reason, Safari configured for English would accept and properly save a file with utf-8 Japanese name but that same browser configured for Japanese would save the file with the utf-8 chars uninterpreted. All other browsers tested seemed to work best/fine (regardless of language configuration) with the filename utf-8 encoded without url encoding. I could not find a single browser implementing Rfc5987/8187 at all. I tested with the latest Chrome, Firefox builds plus IE 11 and Edge. I tried setting the header with just filename*=utf-8''texturlencoded.pdf, setting it with both filename=text.pdf; filename*=utf-8''texturlencoded.pdf. Not one feature of Rfc5987/8187 appeared to be getting processed correctly in any of the above.

对于那些需要JavaScript方式编码头的人，我发现这个函数工作得很好:

function createContentDispositionHeader(filename:string) {
    const encoded = encodeURIComponent(filename);
    return `attachment; filename*=UTF-8''${encoded}; filename="${encoded}"`;
}

这是基于Nextcloud在下载文件时的操作。文件名首先以UTF-8编码的形式出现，并且可能为了与某些浏览器兼容，文件名也不带UTF-8前缀。

在asp.net mvc2中，我使用这样的东西:

return File(
    tempFile
    , "application/octet-stream"
    , HttpUtility.UrlPathEncode(fileName)
    );

我想如果你不使用mvc(2)，你可以只编码文件名使用

HttpUtility.UrlPathEncode(fileName)

以下文件链接自Jim在回答中提到的RFC草案，进一步解决了这个问题，在这里值得直接注意:

HTTP内容处理头和rfc2231 /2047编码的测试用例