所有的断言应该是代码，可以优化为:

Debug.Assert(true);

因为它检验的是你已经假设为真的东西。例如:

public static void ConsumeEnumeration<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
{
  if(source != null)
    using(var en = source.GetEnumerator())
      RunThroughEnumerator(en);
}
public static T GetFirstAndConsume<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
{
  if(source == null)
    throw new ArgumentNullException("source");
  using(var en = source.GetEnumerator())
  {
    if(!en.MoveNext())
      throw new InvalidOperationException("Empty sequence");
    T ret = en.Current;
    RunThroughEnumerator(en);
    return ret;
  }
}
private static void RunThroughEnumerator<T>(IEnumerator<T> en)
{
  Debug.Assert(en != null);
  while(en.MoveNext());
}

在上面，有三种不同的空参数方法。第一个接受它为允许的(它只是什么都不做)。第二个则抛出异常供调用代码处理(或不处理，导致错误消息)。第三种假设它不可能发生，并断言它是这样的。

在第一种情况下，没有问题。

在第二种情况下，调用代码有一个问题——它不应该用null调用GetFirstAndConsume，所以它会返回一个异常。

在第三种情况下，这段代码有一个问题，因为在调用它之前，它应该已经检查过en != null，所以它不是真的是一个错误。或者换句话说，它应该是理论上可以优化为Debug.Assert(true)的代码，sicne en != null应该始终为真!

您应该使用Debug。断言来测试程序中的逻辑错误。编译器只能通知您语法错误。因此，您肯定应该使用Assert语句来测试逻辑错误。比如测试一个销售汽车的项目，只有蓝色的宝马可以得到15%的折扣。编译器不能告诉你你的程序在执行这个操作时逻辑上是否正确，但是assert语句可以。

就其价值而言……我发现我的公共方法倾向于使用if () {throw;}模式，以确保方法被正确调用。我的私有方法倾向于使用Debug.Assert()。

The idea is that with my private methods, I'm the one under control, so if I start calling one of my own private methods with parameters that are incorrect, then I've broken my own assumption somewhere--I should have never gotten into that state. In production, these private asserts should ideally be unnecessary work since I am supposed to be keeping my internal state valid and consistent. Contrast with parameters given to public methods, which could be called by anyone at runtime: I still need to enforce parameter constraints there by throwing exceptions.

此外，如果某些东西在运行时不起作用(网络错误、数据访问错误、从第三方服务检索的坏数据等)，我的私有方法仍然可以抛出异常。我的断言只是为了确保我没有破坏我自己关于对象状态的内部假设。

所有的断言应该是代码，可以优化为:

Debug.Assert(true);

因为它检验的是你已经假设为真的东西。例如:

public static void ConsumeEnumeration<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
{
  if(source != null)
    using(var en = source.GetEnumerator())
      RunThroughEnumerator(en);
}
public static T GetFirstAndConsume<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
{
  if(source == null)
    throw new ArgumentNullException("source");
  using(var en = source.GetEnumerator())
  {
    if(!en.MoveNext())
      throw new InvalidOperationException("Empty sequence");
    T ret = en.Current;
    RunThroughEnumerator(en);
    return ret;
  }
}
private static void RunThroughEnumerator<T>(IEnumerator<T> en)
{
  Debug.Assert(en != null);
  while(en.MoveNext());
}

在上面，有三种不同的空参数方法。第一个接受它为允许的(它只是什么都不做)。第二个则抛出异常供调用代码处理(或不处理，导致错误消息)。第三种假设它不可能发生，并断言它是这样的。

在第一种情况下，没有问题。

在第二种情况下，调用代码有一个问题——它不应该用null调用GetFirstAndConsume，所以它会返回一个异常。

在第三种情况下，这段代码有一个问题，因为在调用它之前，它应该已经检查过en != null，所以它不是真的是一个错误。或者换句话说，它应该是理论上可以优化为Debug.Assert(true)的代码，sicne en != null应该始终为真!

如果我是你，我会这样做:

Debug.Assert(val != null);
if ( val == null )
    throw new exception();

或者避免重复条件检查

if ( val == null )
{
    Debug.Assert(false,"breakpoint if val== null");
    throw new exception();
}

摘自Code Complete (Wikipedia):

8 Defensive Programming 8.2 Assertions An assertion is code that’s used during development—usually a routine or macro—that allows a program to check itself as it runs. When an assertion is true, that means everything is operating as expected. When it’s false, that means it has detected an unexpected error in the code. For example, if the system assumes that a customer-information file will never have more than 50,000 records, the program might contain an assertion that the number of records is lessthan or equal to 50,000. As long as the number of records is less than or equal to 50,000, the assertion will be silent. If it encounters more than 50,000 records, however, it will loudly “assert” that there is an error in the program. Assertions are especially useful in large, complicated programs and in high reliability programs. They enable programmers to more quickly flush out mismatched interface assumptions, errors that creep in when code is modified, and so on. An assertion usually takes two arguments: a boolean expression that describes the assumption that’s supposed to be true and a message to display if it isn’t. (…) Normally, you don’t want users to see assertion messages in production code; assertions are primarily for use during development and maintenance. Assertions are normally compiled into the code at development time and compiled out of the code for production. During development, assertions flush out contradictory assumptions, unexpected conditions, bad values passed to routines, and so on. During production, they are compiled out of the code so that the assertions don’t degrade system performance.