也许对某些人来说有点明显…

安装Firebug并使用console.log("hello")。这比使用随机alert();好多了，我记得几年前我经常这样做。

方法(或函数)可以在不是它们设计使用的类型的对象上调用。这对于在自定义对象上调用本机(快速)方法非常有用。

var listNodes = document.getElementsByTagName('a');
listNodes.sort(function(a, b){ ... });

这段代码崩溃是因为listNodes不是数组

Array.prototype.sort.apply(listNodes, [function(a, b){ ... }]);

这段代码之所以有效，是因为listNodes定义了足够多的类数组属性(length，[]运算符)供sort()使用。

你永远不需要使用eval()来组装全局变量名。

也就是说，如果你有几个名为spec_grapes, spec_apples的全局变量(无论出于什么原因)，你不需要用eval("spec_" + var)访问它们。

所有全局变量都是window[]的成员，所以你可以执行window["spec_" + var]。

正如Marius已经指出的，可以在函数中使用公共静态变量。

我通常使用它们来创建只执行一次的函数，或者缓存一些复杂的计算结果。

下面是我以前的“单例”方法的例子:

var singleton = function(){ 

  if (typeof arguments.callee.__instance__ == 'undefined') { 

    arguments.callee.__instance__ = new function(){

      //this creates a random private variable.
      //this could be a complicated calculation or DOM traversing that takes long
      //or anything that needs to be "cached"
      var rnd = Math.random();

      //just a "public" function showing the private variable value
      this.smth = function(){ alert('it is an object with a rand num=' + rnd); };

   };

  }

  return arguments.callee.__instance__;

};


var a = new singleton;
var b = new singleton;

a.smth(); 
b.smth();

如您所见，在这两种情况下构造函数都只运行一次。

For example, I used this approach back in 2004 when I had to create a modal dialog box with a gray background that covered the whole page (something like Lightbox). Internet Explorer 5.5 and 6 have the highest stacking context for <select> or <iframe> elements due to their "windowed" nature; so if the page contained select elements, the only way to cover them was to create an iframe and position it "on top" of the page. So the whole script was quite complex and a little bit slow (it used filter: expressions to set opacity for the covering iframe). The "shim" script had only one ".show()" method, which created the shim only once and cached it in the static variable :)

JavaScript中的闭包(类似于c# v2.0+中的匿名方法)呢?你可以创建一个函数来创建一个函数或“表达式”。

闭包的例子:

//Takes a function that filters numbers and calls the function on 
//it to build up a list of numbers that satisfy the function.
function filter(filterFunction, numbers)
{
  var filteredNumbers = [];

  for (var index = 0; index < numbers.length; index++)
  {
    if (filterFunction(numbers[index]) == true)
    {
      filteredNumbers.push(numbers[index]);
    }
  }
  return filteredNumbers;
}

//Creates a function (closure) that will remember the value "lowerBound" 
//that gets passed in and keep a copy of it.
function buildGreaterThanFunction(lowerBound)
{
  return function (numberToCheck) {
    return (numberToCheck > lowerBound) ? true : false;
  };
}

var numbers = [1, 15, 20, 4, 11, 9, 77, 102, 6];

var greaterThan7 = buildGreaterThanFunction(7);
var greaterThan15 = buildGreaterThanFunction(15);

numbers = filter(greaterThan7, numbers);
alert('Greater Than 7: ' + numbers);

numbers = filter(greaterThan15, numbers);
alert('Greater Than 15: ' + numbers);

您还可以使用前面提到的原型链spoon16扩展(继承)类和重写属性/方法。

在下面的例子中，我们创建了一个类Pet并定义了一些属性。我们还重写了继承自Object的. tostring()方法。

在此之后，我们创建了一个Dog类，它扩展了Pet并重写了. tostring()方法，再次改变了它的行为(多态性)。此外，我们还向子类添加了一些其他属性。

在此之后，我们检查继承链以显示Dog仍然是Dog类型、Pet类型和Object类型。

// Defines a Pet class constructor 
function Pet(name) 
{
    this.getName = function() { return name; };
    this.setName = function(newName) { name = newName; };
}

// Adds the Pet.toString() function for all Pet objects
Pet.prototype.toString = function() 
{
    return 'This pets name is: ' + this.getName();
};
// end of class Pet

// Define Dog class constructor (Dog : Pet) 
function Dog(name, breed) 
{
    // think Dog : base(name) 
    Pet.call(this, name);
    this.getBreed = function() { return breed; };
}

// this makes Dog.prototype inherit from Pet.prototype
Dog.prototype = new Pet();

// Currently Pet.prototype.constructor
// points to Pet. We want our Dog instances'
// constructor to point to Dog.
Dog.prototype.constructor = Dog;

// Now we override Pet.prototype.toString
Dog.prototype.toString = function() 
{
    return 'This dogs name is: ' + this.getName() + 
        ', and its breed is: ' + this.getBreed();
};
// end of class Dog

var parrotty = new Pet('Parrotty the Parrot');
var dog = new Dog('Buddy', 'Great Dane');
// test the new toString()
alert(parrotty);
alert(dog);

// Testing instanceof (similar to the `is` operator)
alert('Is dog instance of Dog? ' + (dog instanceof Dog)); //true
alert('Is dog instance of Pet? ' + (dog instanceof Pet)); //true
alert('Is dog instance of Object? ' + (dog instanceof Object)); //true

这个问题的两个答案都是从Ray Djajadinata的一篇很棒的MSDN文章中修改的代码。