函数可以有方法。

我使用AJAX表单提交的这种模式。

var fn = (function() {
        var ready = true;
        function fnX() {
            ready = false;
            // AJAX return function
            function Success() {
                ready = true;
            }
            Success();
            return "this is a test";
        }

        fnX.IsReady = function() {
            return ready;
        }
        return fnX;
    })();

    if (fn.IsReady()) {
        fn();
    }

闭包的禅意

其他人也提到了关闭。但令人惊讶的是，有那么多人知道闭包，使用闭包编写代码，但仍然对闭包的真正含义有错误的认识。有些人混淆了一级函数和闭包。但也有人认为它是一种静态变量。

对我来说，闭包是一种“私有”全局变量。这是一种变量，一些函数将其视为全局变量，而其他函数则看不到。现在，我知道这是在快速和松散地描述底层机制，但这就是它的感觉和行为。说明:

// Say you want three functions to share a single variable:

// Use a self-calling function to create scope:
(function(){

    var counter = 0; // this is the variable we want to share;

    // Declare global functions using function expressions:
    increment = function(){
        return ++counter;
    }
    decrement = function(){
        return --counter;
    }
    value = function(){
        return counter;
    }
})()

现在，增量、减量和值这三个函数共用一个变量counter，而不是一个实际的全局变量counter。这是闭包的真正本质:

increment();
increment();
decrement();
alert(value()); // will output 1

以上并不是闭包的真正有用的用法。事实上，我认为这样使用它是一种反模式。但是它对于理解闭包的性质是有用的。例如，大多数人在尝试做以下事情时会被发现:

for (var i=1;i<=10;i++) {
    document.getElementById('span'+i).onclick = function () {
        alert('this is span number '+i);
    }
}
// ALL spans will generate alert: this span is span number 10

这是因为他们不理解闭包的本质。他们认为他们把i的值传递给了函数，而实际上这些函数共享一个变量i，就像我之前说的，一个特殊的全局变量。

为了解决这个问题，你需要分离*闭包:

function makeClickHandler (j) {
    return function () {alert('this is span number '+j)};
}

for (var i=1;i<=10;i++) {
    document.getElementById('span'+i).onclick = makeClickHandler(i);
}
// this works because i is passed by reference 
// (or value in this case, since it is a number)
// instead of being captured by a closure

*注:我不知道这里的正确术语。

JavaScript中的时间戳:

// Usual Way
var d = new Date();
timestamp = d.getTime();

// Shorter Way
timestamp = (new Date()).getTime();

// Shortest Way
timestamp = +new Date();

JavaScript使用了一个简单的对象文字:

var x = { intValue: 5, strValue: "foo" };

这将构造一个完整的对象。

JavaScript使用基于原型的面向对象，并提供了在运行时扩展类型的能力:

String.prototype.doubleLength = function() {
    return this.length * 2;
}

alert("foo".doubleLength());

对象将对不包含它自身的属性的所有访问委托给它的“原型”，另一个对象。这可以用来实现继承，但实际上更强大(即使更麻烦):

/* "Constructor" */
function foo() {
    this.intValue = 5;
}

/* Create the prototype that includes everything
 * common to all objects created be the foo function.
 */
foo.prototype = {
    method: function() {
        alert(this.intValue);
    }
}

var f = new foo();
f.method();

下面是一些有趣的事情:

Comparing NaN with anything (even NaN) is always false, that includes ==, < and >. NaN Stands for Not a Number but if you ask for the type it actually returns a number. Array.sort can take a comparator function and is called by a quicksort-like driver (depends on implementation). Regular expression "constants" can maintain state, like the last thing they matched. Some versions of JavaScript allow you to access $0, $1, $2 members on a regex. null is unlike anything else. It is neither an object, a boolean, a number, a string, nor undefined. It's a bit like an "alternate" undefined. (Note: typeof null == "object") In the outermost context, this yields the otherwise unnameable [Global] object. Declaring a variable with var, instead of just relying on automatic declaration of the variable gives the runtime a real chance of optimizing access to that variable The with construct will destroy such optimzations Variable names can contain Unicode characters. JavaScript regular expressions are not actually regular. They are based on Perl's regexs, and it is possible to construct expressions with lookaheads that take a very, very long time to evaluate. Blocks can be labeled and used as the targets of break. Loops can be labeled and used as the target of continue. Arrays are not sparse. Setting the 1000th element of an otherwise empty array should fill it with undefined. (depends on implementation) if (new Boolean(false)) {...} will execute the {...} block Javascript's regular expression engine's are implementation specific: e.g. it is possible to write "non-portable" regular expressions.

[更新了一点，以回应良好的评论;请参阅评论]

如果你盲目地eval()一个JSON字符串来反序列化它，你可能会遇到问题:

这并不安全。该字符串可能包含恶意函数调用! 如果你没有将JSON字符串括在括号中，属性名可能会被误认为是标签，导致意外的行为或语法错误: Eval ("{\"foo\": 42}");//语法错误:无效标签 Eval ("({\"foo\": 42})");/ /好吧