If you are on Linux, you may want to look into callgrind, a C/C++ program analysis tool that is part of the valgrind suite, which also contains tools that check for memory leaks and other memory errors (which you should be using as well). It analyzes a running instance of your program, and produces data about its call graph, and about the performance costs of nodes on the call graph. It is usually used for performance analysis, but it also produces a call graph for your applications, so you can see what functions are called, as well as their callers.

这显然是对页面其他地方提到的静态方法的补充，它只会有助于消除完全不使用的类、方法和函数——它不会帮助找到实际调用的方法内部的死代码。

一种方法是使用调试器和编译器特性，在编译过程中消除未使用的机器代码。

一旦某些机器代码被删除，调试器就不会让你在相应的源代码行上添加断点。因此，您将断点放置在任何地方，并启动程序并检查断点——那些处于“此源未加载代码”状态的断点对应于已消除的代码——要么该代码从未被调用，要么已内联，您必须执行一些最小分析，以找出这两者中哪一个发生了。

至少这是它在Visual Studio中的工作方式，我猜其他工具集也可以做到这一点。

这需要做很多工作，但我认为比手动分析所有代码要快。

我有个朋友今天问了我这个问题，我看了看一些有前途的Clang开发，例如ASTMatchers和Static Analyzer，它们可能在编译过程中有足够的可见性来确定死代码部分，但后来我发现了这个:

https://blog.flameeyes.eu/2008/01/today-how-to-identify-unused-exported-functions-and-variables

它几乎完整地描述了如何使用一些GCC标志，这些标志似乎是为了识别未引用的符号而设计的!

这取决于创建应用程序时使用的平台。

例如，如果你使用Visual Studio，你可以使用像. net ANTS Profiler这样的工具来解析和分析你的代码。通过这种方式，您应该很快知道实际使用了代码的哪一部分。Eclipse也有等效的插件。

否则，如果您需要知道最终用户实际使用了应用程序的哪些功能，并且您可以轻松地发布应用程序，则可以使用日志文件进行审计。

对于每个主要函数，您可以跟踪它的使用情况，并在几天/一周后获取日志文件，并查看它。

Mark as much public functions and variables as private or protected without causing compilation error, while doing this, try to also refactor the code. By making functions private and to some extent protected, you reduced your search area since private functions can only be called from the same class (unless there are stupid macro or other tricks to circumvent access restriction, and if that's the case I'd recommend you find a new job). It is much easier to determine that you don't need a private function since only the class you're currently working on can call this function. This method is easier if your code base have small classes and is loosely coupled. If your code base does not have small classes or have very tight coupling, I suggest cleaning those up first.

接下来将标记所有剩余的公共函数，并制作一个调用图，以找出类之间的关系。从这棵树上，试着找出树枝的哪一部分看起来可以修剪。

这种方法的优点是你可以在每个模块的基础上进行测试，所以当你的代码库损坏时，你很容易通过单元测试，而不会有很长一段时间。

If you are on Linux, you may want to look into callgrind, a C/C++ program analysis tool that is part of the valgrind suite, which also contains tools that check for memory leaks and other memory errors (which you should be using as well). It analyzes a running instance of your program, and produces data about its call graph, and about the performance costs of nodes on the call graph. It is usually used for performance analysis, but it also produces a call graph for your applications, so you can see what functions are called, as well as their callers.

这显然是对页面其他地方提到的静态方法的补充，它只会有助于消除完全不使用的类、方法和函数——它不会帮助找到实际调用的方法内部的死代码。