有没有一种简单的方法来确定一个点是否在三角形内?是2D的，不是3D的。
当前回答
这是确定一个点是在三角形的内、外还是在三角形的臂上的最简单的概念。
用行列式确定三角形内的点:
最简单的工作代码:
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
tri_points = [(1,1),(2,3),(3,1)]
def pisinTri(point,tri_points):
Dx , Dy = point
A,B,C = tri_points
Ax, Ay = A
Bx, By = B
Cx, Cy = C
M1 = np.array([ [Dx - Bx, Dy - By, 0],
[Ax - Bx, Ay - By, 0],
[1 , 1 , 1]
])
M2 = np.array([ [Dx - Ax, Dy - Ay, 0],
[Cx - Ax, Cy - Ay, 0],
[1 , 1 , 1]
])
M3 = np.array([ [Dx - Cx, Dy - Cy, 0],
[Bx - Cx, By - Cy, 0],
[1 , 1 , 1]
])
M1 = np.linalg.det(M1)
M2 = np.linalg.det(M2)
M3 = np.linalg.det(M3)
print(M1,M2,M3)
if(M1 == 0 or M2 == 0 or M3 ==0):
print("Point: ",point," lies on the arms of Triangle")
elif((M1 > 0 and M2 > 0 and M3 > 0)or(M1 < 0 and M2 < 0 and M3 < 0)):
#if products is non 0 check if all of their sign is same
print("Point: ",point," lies inside the Triangle")
else:
print("Point: ",point," lies outside the Triangle")
print("Vertices of Triangle: ",tri_points)
points = [(0,0),(1,1),(2,3),(3,1),(2,2),(4,4),(1,0),(0,4)]
for c in points:
pisinTri(c,tri_points)
其他回答
我需要在“可控环境”中检查三角形中的点，当你绝对确定三角形是顺时针的时候。所以我拿了Perro Azul的jsfiddle，按照coproc的建议进行了修改。还去掉了多余的0.5和2乘法因为它们互相抵消了。
http://jsfiddle.net/dog_funtom/H7D7g/
var ctx = $("canvas")[0].getContext("2d"); var W = 500; var H = 500; var point = { x: W / 2, y: H / 2 }; var triangle = randomTriangle(); $("canvas").click(function (evt) { point.x = evt.pageX - $(this).offset().left; point.y = evt.pageY - $(this).offset().top; test(); }); $("canvas").dblclick(function (evt) { triangle = randomTriangle(); test(); }); test(); function test() { var result = ptInTriangle(point, triangle.a, triangle.b, triangle.c); var info = "point = (" + point.x + "," + point.y + ")\n"; info += "triangle.a = (" + triangle.a.x + "," + triangle.a.y + ")\n"; info += "triangle.b = (" + triangle.b.x + "," + triangle.b.y + ")\n"; info += "triangle.c = (" + triangle.c.x + "," + triangle.c.y + ")\n"; info += "result = " + (result ? "true" : "false"); $("#result").text(info); render(); } function ptInTriangle(p, p0, p1, p2) { var s = (p0.y * p2.x - p0.x * p2.y + (p2.y - p0.y) * p.x + (p0.x - p2.x) * p.y); var t = (p0.x * p1.y - p0.y * p1.x + (p0.y - p1.y) * p.x + (p1.x - p0.x) * p.y); if (s <= 0 || t <= 0) return false; var A = (-p1.y * p2.x + p0.y * (-p1.x + p2.x) + p0.x * (p1.y - p2.y) + p1.x * p2.y); return (s + t) < A; } function checkClockwise(p0, p1, p2) { var A = (-p1.y * p2.x + p0.y * (-p1.x + p2.x) + p0.x * (p1.y - p2.y) + p1.x * p2.y); return A > 0; } function render() { ctx.fillStyle = "#CCC"; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 500, 500); drawTriangle(triangle.a, triangle.b, triangle.c); drawPoint(point); } function drawTriangle(p0, p1, p2) { ctx.fillStyle = "#999"; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(p0.x, p0.y); ctx.lineTo(p1.x, p1.y); ctx.lineTo(p2.x, p2.y); ctx.closePath(); ctx.fill(); ctx.fillStyle = "#000"; ctx.font = "12px monospace"; ctx.fillText("1", p0.x, p0.y); ctx.fillText("2", p1.x, p1.y); ctx.fillText("3", p2.x, p2.y); } function drawPoint(p) { ctx.fillStyle = "#F00"; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, 5, 0, 2 * Math.PI); ctx.fill(); } function rand(min, max) { return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min; } function randomTriangle() { while (true) { var result = { a: { x: rand(0, W), y: rand(0, H) }, b: { x: rand(0, W), y: rand(0, H) }, c: { x: rand(0, W), y: rand(0, H) } }; if (checkClockwise(result.a, result.b, result.c)) return result; } } <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <pre>Click: place the point. Double click: random triangle.</pre> <pre id="result"></pre> <canvas width="500" height="500"></canvas>
以下是Unity的等效c#代码:
public static bool IsPointInClockwiseTriangle(Vector2 p, Vector2 p0, Vector2 p1, Vector2 p2)
{
var s = (p0.y * p2.x - p0.x * p2.y + (p2.y - p0.y) * p.x + (p0.x - p2.x) * p.y);
var t = (p0.x * p1.y - p0.y * p1.x + (p0.y - p1.y) * p.x + (p1.x - p0.x) * p.y);
if (s <= 0 || t <= 0)
return false;
var A = (-p1.y * p2.x + p0.y * (-p1.x + p2.x) + p0.x * (p1.y - p2.y) + p1.x * p2.y);
return (s + t) < A;
}
有一些恼人的边条件，即一个点恰好在两个相邻三角形的公共边上。这个点不可能在两个三角形中，也不可能不在两个三角形中。你需要一种任意但一致的方式来分配点。例如，画一条横线穿过这个点。如果这条直线与三角形的另一边在右侧相交，则该点被视为在三角形内。如果交点在左边，则该点在外面。
如果该点所在的直线是水平的，则使用above/below。
如果该点位于多个三角形的公共顶点上，则使用该点与中心点形成的角最小的三角形。
更有趣的是:三个点可以在一条直线上(零度)，例如(0,0)-(0,10)-(0,5)。在三角剖分算法中，“耳朵”(0,10)必须被切掉，生成的“三角形”是直线的退化情况。
这是确定一个点是在三角形的内、外还是在三角形的臂上的最简单的概念。
用行列式确定三角形内的点:
最简单的工作代码:
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
tri_points = [(1,1),(2,3),(3,1)]
def pisinTri(point,tri_points):
Dx , Dy = point
A,B,C = tri_points
Ax, Ay = A
Bx, By = B
Cx, Cy = C
M1 = np.array([ [Dx - Bx, Dy - By, 0],
[Ax - Bx, Ay - By, 0],
[1 , 1 , 1]
])
M2 = np.array([ [Dx - Ax, Dy - Ay, 0],
[Cx - Ax, Cy - Ay, 0],
[1 , 1 , 1]
])
M3 = np.array([ [Dx - Cx, Dy - Cy, 0],
[Bx - Cx, By - Cy, 0],
[1 , 1 , 1]
])
M1 = np.linalg.det(M1)
M2 = np.linalg.det(M2)
M3 = np.linalg.det(M3)
print(M1,M2,M3)
if(M1 == 0 or M2 == 0 or M3 ==0):
print("Point: ",point," lies on the arms of Triangle")
elif((M1 > 0 and M2 > 0 and M3 > 0)or(M1 < 0 and M2 < 0 and M3 < 0)):
#if products is non 0 check if all of their sign is same
print("Point: ",point," lies inside the Triangle")
else:
print("Point: ",point," lies outside the Triangle")
print("Vertices of Triangle: ",tri_points)
points = [(0,0),(1,1),(2,3),(3,1),(2,2),(4,4),(1,0),(0,4)]
for c in points:
pisinTri(c,tri_points)
下面是一个高效的Python实现:
def PointInsideTriangle2(pt,tri):
'''checks if point pt(2) is inside triangle tri(3x2). @Developer'''
a = 1/(-tri[1,1]*tri[2,0]+tri[0,1]*(-tri[1,0]+tri[2,0])+ \
tri[0,0]*(tri[1,1]-tri[2,1])+tri[1,0]*tri[2,1])
s = a*(tri[2,0]*tri[0,1]-tri[0,0]*tri[2,1]+(tri[2,1]-tri[0,1])*pt[0]+ \
(tri[0,0]-tri[2,0])*pt[1])
if s<0: return False
else: t = a*(tri[0,0]*tri[1,1]-tri[1,0]*tri[0,1]+(tri[0,1]-tri[1,1])*pt[0]+ \
(tri[1,0]-tri[0,0])*pt[1])
return ((t>0) and (1-s-t>0))
和一个示例输出:
python中的其他函数，比Developer的方法更快(至少对我来说)，并受到Cédric Dufour解决方案的启发:
def ptInTriang(p_test, p0, p1, p2):
dX = p_test[0] - p0[0]
dY = p_test[1] - p0[1]
dX20 = p2[0] - p0[0]
dY20 = p2[1] - p0[1]
dX10 = p1[0] - p0[0]
dY10 = p1[1] - p0[1]
s_p = (dY20*dX) - (dX20*dY)
t_p = (dX10*dY) - (dY10*dX)
D = (dX10*dY20) - (dY10*dX20)
if D > 0:
return ( (s_p >= 0) and (t_p >= 0) and (s_p + t_p) <= D )
else:
return ( (s_p <= 0) and (t_p <= 0) and (s_p + t_p) >= D )
你可以用:
X_size = 64
Y_size = 64
ax_x = np.arange(X_size).astype(np.float32)
ax_y = np.arange(Y_size).astype(np.float32)
coords=np.meshgrid(ax_x,ax_y)
points_unif = (coords[0].reshape(X_size*Y_size,),coords[1].reshape(X_size*Y_size,))
p_test = np.array([0 , 0])
p0 = np.array([22 , 8])
p1 = np.array([12 , 55])
p2 = np.array([7 , 19])
fig = plt.figure(dpi=300)
for i in range(0,X_size*Y_size):
p_test[0] = points_unif[0][i]
p_test[1] = points_unif[1][i]
if ptInTriang(p_test, p0, p1, p2):
plt.plot(p_test[0], p_test[1], '.g')
else:
plt.plot(p_test[0], p_test[1], '.r')
绘制网格需要花费很多时间，但是该网格在0.0195319652557秒内测试，而开发人员代码为0.0844349861145秒。
最后是代码注释:
# Using barycentric coordintes, any point inside can be described as:
# X = p0.x * r + p1.x * s + p2.x * t
# Y = p0.y * r + p1.y * s + p2.y * t
# with:
# r + s + t = 1 and 0 < r,s,t < 1
# then: r = 1 - s - t
# and then:
# X = p0.x * (1 - s - t) + p1.x * s + p2.x * t
# Y = p0.y * (1 - s - t) + p1.y * s + p2.y * t
#
# X = p0.x + (p1.x-p0.x) * s + (p2.x-p0.x) * t
# Y = p0.y + (p1.y-p0.y) * s + (p2.y-p0.y) * t
#
# X - p0.x = (p1.x-p0.x) * s + (p2.x-p0.x) * t
# Y - p0.y = (p1.y-p0.y) * s + (p2.y-p0.y) * t
#
# we have to solve:
#
# [ X - p0.x ] = [(p1.x-p0.x) (p2.x-p0.x)] * [ s ]
# [ Y - p0.Y ] [(p1.y-p0.y) (p2.y-p0.y)] [ t ]
#
# ---> b = A*x ; ---> x = A^-1 * b
#
# [ s ] = A^-1 * [ X - p0.x ]
# [ t ] [ Y - p0.Y ]
#
# A^-1 = 1/D * adj(A)
#
# The adjugate of A:
#
# adj(A) = [(p2.y-p0.y) -(p2.x-p0.x)]
# [-(p1.y-p0.y) (p1.x-p0.x)]
#
# The determinant of A:
#
# D = (p1.x-p0.x)*(p2.y-p0.y) - (p1.y-p0.y)*(p2.x-p0.x)
#
# Then:
#
# s_p = { (p2.y-p0.y)*(X - p0.x) - (p2.x-p0.x)*(Y - p0.Y) }
# t_p = { (p1.x-p0.x)*(Y - p0.Y) - (p1.y-p0.y)*(X - p0.x) }
#
# s = s_p / D
# t = t_p / D
#
# Recovering r:
#
# r = 1 - (s_p + t_p)/D
#
# Since we only want to know if it is insidem not the barycentric coordinate:
#
# 0 < 1 - (s_p + t_p)/D < 1
# 0 < (s_p + t_p)/D < 1
# 0 < (s_p + t_p) < D
#
# The condition is:
# if D > 0:
# s_p > 0 and t_p > 0 and (s_p + t_p) < D
# else:
# s_p < 0 and t_p < 0 and (s_p + t_p) > D
#
# s_p = { dY20*dX - dX20*dY }
# t_p = { dX10*dY - dY10*dX }
# D = dX10*dY20 - dY10*dX20
