我有一些正在测试的代码，它调用Java记录器来报告其状态。 在JUnit测试代码中，我想验证在这个日志记录器中创建了正确的日志条目。大致如下:
methodUnderTest(bool x){
if(x)
logger.info("x happened")
}
@Test tester(){
// perhaps setup a logger first.
methodUnderTest(true);
assertXXXXXX(loggedLevel(),Level.INFO);
}
我认为这可以用一个经过特别调整的记录器(或处理程序或格式化程序)来完成，但我更愿意重用现有的解决方案。(而且，老实说，我不清楚如何从记录器获得logRecord，但假设这是可能的。)
当前回答
如果您正在使用log4j2，来自https://www.dontpanicblog.co.uk/2018/04/29/test-log4j2-with-junit/的解决方案允许我断言消息已被记录。
解决方案是这样的:
Define a log4j appender as an ExternalResource rule public class LogAppenderResource extends ExternalResource { private static final String APPENDER_NAME = "log4jRuleAppender"; /** * Logged messages contains level and message only. * This allows us to test that level and message are set. */ private static final String PATTERN = "%-5level %msg"; private Logger logger; private Appender appender; private final CharArrayWriter outContent = new CharArrayWriter(); public LogAppenderResource(org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger logger) { this.logger = (org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger)logger; } @Override protected void before() { StringLayout layout = PatternLayout.newBuilder().withPattern(PATTERN).build(); appender = WriterAppender.newBuilder() .setTarget(outContent) .setLayout(layout) .setName(APPENDER_NAME).build(); appender.start(); logger.addAppender(appender); } @Override protected void after() { logger.removeAppender(appender); } public String getOutput() { return outContent.toString(); } } Define a test that use your ExternalResource rule public class LoggingTextListenerTest { @Rule public LogAppenderResource appender = new LogAppenderResource(LogManager.getLogger(LoggingTextListener.class)); private LoggingTextListener listener = new LoggingTextListener(); // Class under test @Test public void startedEvent_isLogged() { listener.started(); assertThat(appender.getOutput(), containsString("started")); } }
不要忘记将log4j2.xml作为src/test/resources的一部分
其他回答
实际上，您是在测试依赖类的副作用。对于单元测试，您只需要验证这一点
logger.info（）
使用正确的参数调用。因此，使用一个模拟框架来模拟记录器，这将允许您测试自己类的行为。
在这里，模拟是一个选项，尽管这很困难，因为记录器通常是私有的静态final -所以设置模拟记录器不是小意思，或者需要修改被测试的类。
你可以创建一个自定义的Appender(或者其他什么名字)，然后注册它——要么通过一个只测试的配置文件，要么通过运行时(在某种程度上，依赖于日志框架)。 然后，您可以获得该appender(如果在配置文件中声明，可以是静态的，如果在运行时插入它，则可以通过它的当前引用)，并验证其内容。
我为log4j回答了一个类似的问题，请参阅how-can-i-test-with-junit-that-a-warning-was-logged-with-log4
这是更新的Log4j2(用2.11.2测试)和junit 5的示例;
package com.whatever.log;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.*;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.AbstractAppender;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Configuration;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.Plugin;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginAttribute;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginElement;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginFactory;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
class TestLogger {
private TestAppender testAppender;
private LoggerConfig loggerConfig;
private final Logger logger = (Logger)
LogManager.getLogger(ClassUnderTest.class);
@Test
@DisplayName("Test Log Junit5 and log4j2")
void test() {
ClassUnderTest.logMessage();
final LogEvent loggingEvent = testAppender.events.get(0);
//asset equals 1 because log level is info, change it to debug and
//the test will fail
assertTrue(testAppender.events.size()==1,"Unexpected empty log");
assertEquals(Level.INFO,loggingEvent.getLevel(),"Unexpected log level");
assertEquals(loggingEvent.getMessage().toString()
,"Hello Test","Unexpected log message");
}
@BeforeEach
private void setup() {
testAppender = new TestAppender("TestAppender", null);
final LoggerContext context = logger.getContext();
final Configuration configuration = context.getConfiguration();
loggerConfig = configuration.getLoggerConfig(logger.getName());
loggerConfig.setLevel(Level.INFO);
loggerConfig.addAppender(testAppender,Level.INFO,null);
testAppender.start();
context.updateLoggers();
}
@AfterEach
void after(){
testAppender.stop();
loggerConfig.removeAppender("TestAppender");
final LoggerContext context = logger.getContext();
context.updateLoggers();
}
@Plugin( name = "TestAppender", category = Core.CATEGORY_NAME, elementType = Appender.ELEMENT_TYPE)
static class TestAppender extends AbstractAppender {
List<LogEvent> events = new ArrayList();
protected TestAppender(String name, Filter filter) {
super(name, filter, null);
}
@PluginFactory
public static TestAppender createAppender(
@PluginAttribute("name") String name,
@PluginElement("Filter") Filter filter) {
return new TestAppender(name, filter);
}
@Override
public void append(LogEvent event) {
events.add(event);
}
}
static class ClassUnderTest {
private static final Logger LOGGER = (Logger) LogManager.getLogger(ClassUnderTest.class);
public static void logMessage(){
LOGGER.info("Hello Test");
LOGGER.debug("Hello Test");
}
}
}
使用以下maven依赖项
<dependency>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<version>2.11.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
<version>5.5.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
对于我来说，您可以通过使用JUnit和Mockito来简化您的测试。 我提出以下解决方案:
import org.apache.log4j.Appender;
import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
import org.mockito.Captor;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;
import java.util.List;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.tuple;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MyLogTest {
private static final String FIRST_MESSAGE = "First message";
private static final String SECOND_MESSAGE = "Second message";
@Mock private Appender appender;
@Captor private ArgumentCaptor<LoggingEvent> captor;
@InjectMocks private MyLog;
@Before
public void setUp() {
LogManager.getRootLogger().addAppender(appender);
}
@After
public void tearDown() {
LogManager.getRootLogger().removeAppender(appender);
}
@Test
public void shouldLogExactlyTwoMessages() {
testedClass.foo();
then(appender).should(times(2)).doAppend(captor.capture());
List<LoggingEvent> loggingEvents = captor.getAllValues();
assertThat(loggingEvents).extracting("level", "renderedMessage").containsExactly(
tuple(Level.INFO, FIRST_MESSAGE)
tuple(Level.INFO, SECOND_MESSAGE)
);
}
}
这就是为什么我们对不同消息量的测试有很好的灵活性
I also ran into the same challanged and ended up at this page. Although I am 11 years too late to answers the question, I thought maybe it could be still usefull for others. I found the answer of davidxxx with Logback and the ListAppander very usefull. I used the same configuration for multiple projects, however it was not so fun to copy/paste it and maintaining all the version when I needed to changes something. I thought it would be better to make a library out of it and contribute back to the community. It works with SLFJ4, Log4j, Log4j2, Java Util Logging, JBoss Logging and with Lombok annotations. Please have a look here: LogCaptor for detailed examples and how to add it to your project.
示例情况:
public class FooService {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FooService.class);
public void sayHello() {
LOGGER.warn("Congratulations, you are pregnant!");
}
}
使用LogCaptor的单元测试示例:
import nl.altindag.log.LogCaptor;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
public class FooServiceTest {
@Test
public void sayHelloShouldLogWarnMessage() {
LogCaptor logCaptor = LogCaptor.forClass(FooService.class);
FooService fooService = new FooService();
fooService.sayHello();
assertThat(logCaptor.getWarnLogs())
.contains("Congratulations, you are pregnant!");
}
}
我不太确定是否应该在这里发布这篇文章，因为这也可以被视为推广“我的库”的一种方式，但我认为这对面临同样挑战的开发人员有帮助。
