我有一些正在测试的代码，它调用Java记录器来报告其状态。 在JUnit测试代码中，我想验证在这个日志记录器中创建了正确的日志条目。大致如下:
methodUnderTest(bool x){
if(x)
logger.info("x happened")
}
@Test tester(){
// perhaps setup a logger first.
methodUnderTest(true);
assertXXXXXX(loggedLevel(),Level.INFO);
}
我认为这可以用一个经过特别调整的记录器(或处理程序或格式化程序)来完成，但我更愿意重用现有的解决方案。(而且，老实说，我不清楚如何从记录器获得logRecord，但假设这是可能的。)
当前回答
模拟Appender可以帮助捕获日志行。 在http://clearqa.blogspot.co.uk/2016/12/test-log-lines.html上找到示例
// Fully working test at: https://github.com/njaiswal/logLineTester/blob/master/src/test/java/com/nj/Utils/UtilsTest.java
@Test
public void testUtilsLog() throws InterruptedException {
Logger utilsLogger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger("com.nj.utils");
final Appender mockAppender = mock(Appender.class);
when(mockAppender.getName()).thenReturn("MOCK");
utilsLogger.addAppender(mockAppender);
final List<String> capturedLogs = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(3);
//Capture logs
doAnswer((invocation) -> {
LoggingEvent loggingEvent = invocation.getArgumentAt(0, LoggingEvent.class);
capturedLogs.add(loggingEvent.getFormattedMessage());
latch.countDown();
return null;
}).when(mockAppender).doAppend(any());
//Call method which will do logging to be tested
Application.main(null);
//Wait 5 seconds for latch to be true. That means 3 log lines were logged
assertThat(latch.await(5L, TimeUnit.SECONDS), is(true));
//Now assert the captured logs
assertThat(capturedLogs, hasItem(containsString("One")));
assertThat(capturedLogs, hasItem(containsString("Two")));
assertThat(capturedLogs, hasItem(containsString("Three")));
}
其他回答
请注意，在Log4J 2中。X，公共接口org.apache.logging.log4j。Logger不包括setAppender()和removeAppender()方法。
但是，如果您没有做太花哨的事情，您应该能够将它强制转换为实现类org.apache.logging.log4j.core。记录器，它公开了这些方法。
这里有一个Mockito和AssertJ的例子:
// Import the implementation class rather than the API interface
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger;
// Cast logger to implementation class to get access to setAppender/removeAppender
Logger log = (Logger) LogManager.getLogger(MyClassUnderTest.class);
// Set up the mock appender, stubbing some methods Log4J needs internally
Appender appender = mock(Appender.class);
when(appender.getName()).thenReturn("Mock Appender");
when(appender.isStarted()).thenReturn(true);
log.addAppender(appender);
try {
new MyClassUnderTest().doSomethingThatShouldLogAnError();
} finally {
log.removeAppender(appender);
}
// Verify that we got an error with the expected message
ArgumentCaptor<LogEvent> logEventCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LogEvent.class);
verify(appender).append(logEventCaptor.capture());
LogEvent logEvent = logEventCaptor.getValue();
assertThat(logEvent.getLevel()).isEqualTo(Level.ERROR);
assertThat(logEvent.getMessage().getFormattedMessage()).contains(expectedErrorMessage);
受到@RonaldBlaschke的解决方案的启发，我想到了这个:
public class Log4JTester extends ExternalResource {
TestAppender appender;
@Override
protected void before() {
appender = new TestAppender();
final Logger rootLogger = Logger.getRootLogger();
rootLogger.addAppender(appender);
}
@Override
protected void after() {
final Logger rootLogger = Logger.getRootLogger();
rootLogger.removeAppender(appender);
}
public void assertLogged(Matcher<String> matcher) {
for(LoggingEvent event : appender.events) {
if(matcher.matches(event.getMessage())) {
return;
}
}
fail("No event matches " + matcher);
}
private static class TestAppender extends AppenderSkeleton {
List<LoggingEvent> events = new ArrayList<LoggingEvent>();
@Override
protected void append(LoggingEvent event) {
events.add(event);
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
@Override
public boolean requiresLayout() {
return false;
}
}
}
．.． 这允许你做:
@Rule public Log4JTester logTest = new Log4JTester();
@Test
public void testFoo() {
user.setStatus(Status.PREMIUM);
logTest.assertLogged(
stringContains("Note added to account: premium customer"));
}
你也许可以用更聪明的方式来使用hamcrest，但我就讲到这里。
这里有一个很好的和优雅的方法来解决这个问题: https://www.baeldung.com/junit-asserting-logs
模拟Appender可以帮助捕获日志行。 在http://clearqa.blogspot.co.uk/2016/12/test-log-lines.html上找到示例
// Fully working test at: https://github.com/njaiswal/logLineTester/blob/master/src/test/java/com/nj/Utils/UtilsTest.java
@Test
public void testUtilsLog() throws InterruptedException {
Logger utilsLogger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger("com.nj.utils");
final Appender mockAppender = mock(Appender.class);
when(mockAppender.getName()).thenReturn("MOCK");
utilsLogger.addAppender(mockAppender);
final List<String> capturedLogs = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(3);
//Capture logs
doAnswer((invocation) -> {
LoggingEvent loggingEvent = invocation.getArgumentAt(0, LoggingEvent.class);
capturedLogs.add(loggingEvent.getFormattedMessage());
latch.countDown();
return null;
}).when(mockAppender).doAppend(any());
//Call method which will do logging to be tested
Application.main(null);
//Wait 5 seconds for latch to be true. That means 3 log lines were logged
assertThat(latch.await(5L, TimeUnit.SECONDS), is(true));
//Now assert the captured logs
assertThat(capturedLogs, hasItem(containsString("One")));
assertThat(capturedLogs, hasItem(containsString("Two")));
assertThat(capturedLogs, hasItem(containsString("Three")));
}
通过添加Appender进行单元测试并不能真正测试Logger的配置。因此，我认为这是一种独特的情况，在这种情况下，单元测试没有带来那么多价值，而集成测试带来了很多价值(特别是如果您的日志有一些审计目的)。
为了为它创建集成测试，让我们假设您正在运行一个简单的ConsoleAppender，并希望测试它的输出。然后，您应该测试如何将消息从System.out写入到它自己的ByteArrayOutputStream。
从这个意义上说，我会做以下事情(我使用JUnit 5):
public class Slf4jAuditLoggerTest {
private final ByteArrayOutputStream outContent = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@BeforeEach
public void beforeEach() {
System.setOut(new PrintStream(outContent));
}
通过这种方式，你可以简单地测试它的输出:
@Test
public void myTest() {
// Given...
// When...
// Then
assertTrue(outContent.toString().contains("[INFO] My formatted string from Logger"));
}
如果你这样做了，你将为你的项目带来更多的价值，而不需要使用内存中的实现，创建一个新的Appender，或者其他什么。
