Django可以很好地自动序列化从DB返回到JSON格式的ORM模型。

如何序列化SQLAlchemy查询结果为JSON格式?

我试过jsonpickle。编码,但它编码查询对象本身。 我尝试了json.dumps(items),但它返回

TypeError: <Product('3', 'some name', 'some desc')> is not JSON serializable

将SQLAlchemy ORM对象序列化为JSON /XML真的那么难吗?它没有任何默认序列化器吗?现在序列化ORM查询结果是非常常见的任务。

我所需要的只是返回SQLAlchemy查询结果的JSON或XML数据表示。

需要在javascript datagird中使用JSON/XML格式的SQLAlchemy对象查询结果(JQGrid http://www.trirand.com/blog/)


当前回答

我已经成功地使用了这个包:https://github.com/n0nSmoker/SQLAlchemy-serializer

你可以在模型上这样做:

from sqlalchemy_serializer import SerializerMixin

class SomeModel(db.Model, SerializerMixin):
    ...

它添加了完全递归的to_dict:

item = SomeModel.query.filter(...).one()
result = item.to_dict()

它可以让你制定规则来避免无限递归:

result = item.to_dict(rules=('-somefield', '-some_relation.nested_one.another_nested_one'))

其他回答

经过一番尝试,我想出了自己的解决方案

def to_dict(self):
    keys = self.__mapper__.attrs.keys()
    attrs = vars(self)
    return { k : attrs[k]  for k in keys}

我已经成功地使用了这个包:https://github.com/n0nSmoker/SQLAlchemy-serializer

你可以在模型上这样做:

from sqlalchemy_serializer import SerializerMixin

class SomeModel(db.Model, SerializerMixin):
    ...

它添加了完全递归的to_dict:

item = SomeModel.query.filter(...).one()
result = item.to_dict()

它可以让你制定规则来避免无限递归:

result = item.to_dict(rules=('-somefield', '-some_relation.nested_one.another_nested_one'))

这是一个JSONEncoder版本,它保留了模型列的顺序,只保留递归定义的列和关系字段。它还格式化了大多数不可序列化的JSON类型:

import json
from datetime import datetime
from decimal import Decimal

import arrow
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta

class SQLAlchemyJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    """
    SQLAlchemy ORM JSON Encoder
    If you have a "backref" relationship defined in your SQLAlchemy model,
    this encoder raises a ValueError to stop an infinite loop.
    """

    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj, datetime):
            return arrow.get(obj).isoformat()
        elif isinstance(obj, Decimal):
            return float(obj)
        elif isinstance(obj, set):
            return sorted(obj)
        elif isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
            for attribute, relationship in obj.__mapper__.relationships.items():
                if isinstance(relationship.__getattribute__("backref"), tuple):
                    raise ValueError(
                        f'{obj.__class__} object has a "backref" relationship '
                        "that would cause an infinite loop!"
                    )
            dictionary = {}
            column_names = [column.name for column in obj.__table__.columns]
            for key in column_names:
                value = obj.__getattribute__(key)
                if isinstance(value, datetime):
                    value = arrow.get(value).isoformat()
                elif isinstance(value, Decimal):
                    value = float(value)
                elif isinstance(value, set):
                    value = sorted(value)
                dictionary[key] = value
            for key in [
                attribute
                for attribute in dir(obj)
                if not attribute.startswith("_")
                and attribute != "metadata"
                and attribute not in column_names
            ]:
                value = obj.__getattribute__(key)
                dictionary[key] = value
            return dictionary

        return super().default(obj)

虽然这是一篇老文章,也许我没有回答上面的问题,但我想谈谈我的连载,至少它对我有用。

我使用FastAPI,SqlAlchemy和MySQL,但我不使用orm模型;

# from sqlalchemy import create_engine
# from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
# engine = create_engine(config.SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, pool_pre_ping=True)
# SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)

序列化代码



import decimal
import datetime


def alchemy_encoder(obj):
    """JSON encoder function for SQLAlchemy special classes."""
    if isinstance(obj, datetime.date):
        return obj.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    elif isinstance(obj, decimal.Decimal):
        return float(obj)

import json
from sqlalchemy import text

# db is SessionLocal() object 

app_sql = 'SELECT * FROM app_info ORDER BY app_id LIMIT :page,:page_size'

# The next two are the parameters passed in
page = 1
page_size = 10

# execute sql and return a <class 'sqlalchemy.engine.result.ResultProxy'> object
app_list = db.execute(text(app_sql), {'page': page, 'page_size': page_size})

# serialize
res = json.loads(json.dumps([dict(r) for r in app_list], default=alchemy_encoder))

如果不行,请忽略我的回答。我在这里提到它

https://codeandlife.com/2014/12/07/sqlalchemy-results-to-json-the-easy-way/

我对使用(太多?)字典的看法:

def serialize(_query):
    #d = dictionary written to per row
    #D = dictionary d is written to each time, then reset
    #Master = dictionary of dictionaries; the id Key (int, unique from database) 
    from D is used as the Key for the dictionary D entry in Master
    Master = {}
    D = {}
    x = 0
    for u in _query:
        d = u.__dict__
        D = {}
        for n in d.keys():
           if n != '_sa_instance_state':
                    D[n] = d[n]
        x = d['id']
        Master[x] = D
    return Master

使用flask(包括jsonify)和flask_sqlalchemy将输出打印为JSON。

使用jsonify(serialize())调用该函数。

与我迄今为止尝试过的所有SQLAlchemy查询一起工作(运行SQLite3)