我有一个经常从Visual Studio数据库项目重新部署的开发数据库(通过TFS自动构建)。
有时当我运行我的构建时，我会得到这个错误:
ALTER DATABASE failed because a lock could not be placed on database 'MyDB'. Try again later.
ALTER DATABASE statement failed.
Cannot drop database "MyDB" because it is currently in use.
我试了一下:
ALTER DATABASE MyDB SET RESTRICTED_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
但我仍然无法删除数据库。(我猜大多数开发人员都有dbo访问权限。)
我可以手动运行SP_WHO并开始终止连接，但我需要在自动构建中自动执行此操作。(虽然这次我的连接是数据库中唯一一个我试图放弃的连接。)
是否有一个脚本可以删除我的数据库，而不管连接的是谁?
当前回答
To my experience, using SINGLE_USER helps most of the times, however, one should be careful: I have experienced occasions in which between the time I start the SINGLE_USER command and the time it is finished... apparently another 'user' had gotten the SINGLE_USER access, not me. If that happens, you're in for a tough job trying to get the access to the database back (in my case, it was a specific service running for a software with SQL databases that got hold of the SINGLE_USER access before I did). What I think should be the most reliable way (can't vouch for it, but it is what I will test in the days to come), is actually: - stop services that may interfere with your access (if there are any) - use the 'kill' script above to close all connections - set the database to single_user immediately after that - then do the restore
其他回答
Matthew的超级高效脚本更新为使用dm_exec_sessions DMV，取代了废弃的sysprocesses系统表:
USE [master];
GO
DECLARE @Kill VARCHAR(8000) = '';
SELECT
@Kill = @Kill + 'kill ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(5), session_id) + ';'
FROM
sys.dm_exec_sessions
WHERE
database_id = DB_ID('<YourDB>');
EXEC sys.sp_executesql @Kill;
替代使用WHILE循环(如果你想每次执行处理任何其他操作):
USE [master];
GO
DECLARE @DatabaseID SMALLINT = DB_ID(N'<YourDB>');
DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(10);
WHILE EXISTS ( SELECT
1
FROM
sys.dm_exec_sessions
WHERE
database_id = @DatabaseID )
BEGIN;
SET @SQL = (
SELECT TOP 1
N'kill ' + CAST(session_id AS NVARCHAR(5)) + ';'
FROM
sys.dm_exec_sessions
WHERE
database_id = @DatabaseID
);
EXEC sys.sp_executesql @SQL;
END;
鲜为人知的是:GO sql语句可以接受一个整数来表示重复上一个命令的次数。
所以如果你:
ALTER DATABASE [DATABASENAME] SET SINGLE_USER
GO
然后:
USE [DATABASENAME]
GO 2000
这将重复使用USE命令2000次，在所有其他连接上强制死锁，并获得单个连接的所有权。(给你的查询窗口单独访问做你想做的事。)
To my experience, using SINGLE_USER helps most of the times, however, one should be careful: I have experienced occasions in which between the time I start the SINGLE_USER command and the time it is finished... apparently another 'user' had gotten the SINGLE_USER access, not me. If that happens, you're in for a tough job trying to get the access to the database back (in my case, it was a specific service running for a software with SQL databases that got hold of the SINGLE_USER access before I did). What I think should be the most reliable way (can't vouch for it, but it is what I will test in the days to come), is actually: - stop services that may interfere with your access (if there are any) - use the 'kill' script above to close all connections - set the database to single_user immediately after that - then do the restore
@AlexK写了一个很棒的答案。我只是想补充我的意见。下面的代码完全基于@AlexK的回答，不同之处在于，您可以指定用户和自最后一批执行以来的时间(注意，代码使用sys. exe。Dm_exec_sessions代替master..sysprocess):
DECLARE @kill varchar(8000);
set @kill =''
select @kill = @kill + 'kill ' + CONVERT(varchar(5), session_id) + ';' from sys.dm_exec_sessions
where login_name = 'usrDBTest'
and datediff(hh,login_time,getdate()) > 1
--and session_id in (311,266)
exec(@kill)
在这个例子中，只有用户usrDBTest在1小时前执行的进程会被杀死。
我已经用下面的简单代码成功地进行了测试
USE [master]
GO
ALTER DATABASE [YourDatabaseName] SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
GO