我的程序在后台线程中执行一些网络活动。在开始之前,它会弹出一个进度对话框。该对话框在处理程序上被解除。这一切都很好,除了当对话框打开时屏幕方向发生变化(背景线程正在运行)。此时,应用程序要么崩溃,要么死锁,要么进入一个奇怪的阶段,在所有线程被杀死之前,应用程序根本无法工作。

我如何处理屏幕方向的变化优雅?

下面的示例代码大致匹配我的实际程序:

public class MyAct extends Activity implements Runnable {
    public ProgressDialog mProgress;

    // UI has a button that when pressed calls send

    public void send() {
         mProgress = ProgressDialog.show(this, "Please wait", 
                      "Please wait", 
                      true, true);
        Thread thread = new Thread(this);
        thread.start();
    }

    public void run() {
        Thread.sleep(10000);
        Message msg = new Message();
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            mProgress.dismiss();
        }
    };
}

栈:

E/WindowManager(  244): Activity MyAct has leaked window com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView@433b7150 that was originally added here
E/WindowManager(  244): android.view.WindowLeaked: Activity MyAct has leaked window com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView@433b7150 that was originally added here
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.ViewRoot.<init>(ViewRoot.java:178)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:147)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:90)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.Window$LocalWindowManager.addView(Window.java:393)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.app.Dialog.show(Dialog.java:212)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.app.ProgressDialog.show(ProgressDialog.java:103)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.app.ProgressDialog.show(ProgressDialog.java:91)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at MyAct.send(MyAct.java:294)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at MyAct$4.onClick(MyAct.java:174)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:2129)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.View.onTouchEvent(View.java:3543)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.widget.TextView.onTouchEvent(TextView.java:4664)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.View.dispatchTouchEvent(View.java:3198)

我已经尝试在onSaveInstanceState中取消进度对话框,但这只是防止了立即崩溃。背景线程仍在运行,UI处于部分绘制状态。需要在它重新开始工作之前杀死整个应用程序。


当前回答

编辑:谷歌工程师不推荐这种方法,正如Dianne Hackborn(又名hackbod)在StackOverflow的帖子中所描述的那样。查看这篇博客文章了解更多信息。


你必须把这个添加到manifest中的activity声明中:

android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize"

看起来是这样的

<activity android:label="@string/app_name" 
        android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|keyboardHidden" 
        android:name=".your.package">

问题是,当配置发生更改时,系统将破坏活动。看到ConfigurationChanges。

所以把它放在配置文件中可以避免系统破坏你的活动。相反,它调用onConfigurationChanged(Configuration)方法。

其他回答

我发现了一个更容易的解决方案来处理线程时,方向改变。你可以只保留一个静态引用到你的活动/片段,并在对ui进行操作之前验证它是否为空。我建议使用try catch:

 public class DashListFragment extends Fragment {
     private static DashListFragment ACTIVE_INSTANCE;

     @Override
     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        ACTIVE_INSTANCE = this;

        new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                        if (ACTIVE_INSTANCE != null) {
                            setAdapter(); // this method do something on ui or use context
                        }
                }
                catch (Exception e) {}


            }
        }, 1500l);

    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();

        ACTIVE_INSTANCE = null;
    }


}

当你切换方向时,Android会创建一个新的View。你可能会崩溃,因为你的后台线程试图改变旧线程的状态。(它也可能有麻烦,因为你的后台线程不在UI线程上)

我建议将mHandler设为volatile,并在方向改变时更新它。

看起来太“快速和肮脏”了,所以请指出缺点,但我发现有用的是……

在我的AsyncTask的onPostExecute方法中,我简单地包装了`。try/catch块中的进度对话框(带有空捕获)的Dismiss ',然后简单地忽略所引发的异常。似乎是错误的,但似乎没有不良影响(至少对于我随后所做的事情,这是启动另一个活动,将我的长时间运行查询的结果传递为一个额外)

对于这些问题,我想出了一个坚如磐石的解决方案,它符合“Android方式”。我使用IntentService模式进行所有长时间运行的操作。

也就是说,我的活动广播意图,IntentService负责工作,将数据保存在DB中,然后广播粘性意图。粘性部分很重要,即使Activity在用户启动工作后暂停,并且错过了来自IntentService的实时广播,我们仍然可以响应并从调用Activity中获取数据。progressdialog可以很好地使用onSaveInstanceState()与此模式一起工作。

Basically, you need to save a flag that you have a progress dialog running in the saved instance bundle. Do not save the progress dialog object because this will leak the entire Activity. To have a persistent handle to the progress dialog, I store it as a weak reference in the application object. On orientation change or anything else that causes the Activity to pause (phone call, user hits home etc.) and then resume, I dismiss the old dialog and recreate a new dialog in the newly created Activity.

对于无限进度对话框来说,这很容易。对于进度条样式,您必须将最后一个已知的进度放在bundle中,并将您在活动中本地使用的任何信息用于跟踪进度。在恢复进度时,您将使用此信息以与之前相同的状态重新生成进度条,然后根据当前状态进行更新。

总之,将长时间运行的任务放到IntentService中,再加上明智地使用onSaveInstanceState(),可以让你有效地跟踪对话框,并在活动生命周期事件中恢复对话框。活动代码的相关部分如下。您还需要BroadcastReceiver中的逻辑来适当地处理Sticky意图,但这超出了本文的范围。

public void doSignIn(View view) {
    waiting=true;
    AppClass app=(AppClass) getApplication();
    String logingon=getString(R.string.signon);
    app.Dialog=new WeakReference<ProgressDialog>(ProgressDialog.show(AddAccount.this, "", logingon, true));
    ...
}

@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle saveState) {
    super.onSaveInstanceState(saveState);
    saveState.putBoolean("waiting",waiting);
}

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    if(savedInstanceState!=null) {
        restoreProgress(savedInstanceState);    
    }
    ...
}

private void restoreProgress(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    waiting=savedInstanceState.getBoolean("waiting");
    if (waiting) {
        AppClass app=(AppClass) getApplication();
        ProgressDialog refresher=(ProgressDialog) app.Dialog.get();
        refresher.dismiss();
        String logingon=getString(R.string.signon);
        app.Dialog=new WeakReference<ProgressDialog>(ProgressDialog.show(AddAccount.this, "", logingon, true));
    }
}

If you're struggling with detecting orientation change events of a dialog INDEPENDENT OF AN ACTIVITY REFERENCE, this method works excitingly well. I use this because I have my own dialog class that can be shown in multiple different Activities so I don't always know which Activity it's being shown in. With this method you don't need to change the AndroidManifest, worry about Activity references, and you don't need a custom dialog (as I have). You do need, however, a custom content view so you can detect the orientation changes using that particular view. Here's my example:

设置

public class MyContentView extends View{
    public MyContentView(Context context){
        super(context);
    }

    @Override
    public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig){
        super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);

        //DO SOMETHING HERE!! :D
    }
}

实现1 -对话

Dialog dialog = new Dialog(context);
//set up dialog
dialog.setContentView(new MyContentView(context));
dialog.show();

实现2 - AlertDialog。构建器

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);
//set up dialog builder
builder.setView(new MyContentView(context));        //Can use this method
builder.setCustomTitle(new MycontentView(context)); // or this method
builder.build().show();

实现3 - ProgressDialog / AlertDialog

ProgressDialog progress = new ProgressDialog(context);
//set up progress dialog
progress.setView(new MyContentView(context));        //Can use this method
progress.setCustomTitle(new MyContentView(context)); // or this method
progress.show();