我试图像这样安装doozer:

$ goinstall github.com/ha/doozer

我得到这些错误。

goinstall: os: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: fmt: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: io: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: reflect: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: math: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: rand: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: url: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: net: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: sync: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: runtime: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: strings: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: sort: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: strconv: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: bytes: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: log: go/build: package could not be found locally goinstall: encoding/binary: go/build: package could not be found locally


当前回答

GOPATH不应该指向Go安装,而是指向您的工作空间(参见https://golang.org/doc/code.html#GOPATH)。当你使用go get或go install安装某个包时,它会落在GOPATH中。这就是为什么它警告你,你绝对不希望从互联网随机包被转储到你的正式安装。

其他回答

具体到GOROOT, Go 1.9会自动将其设置到其安装路径。 即使你安装了多个Go,调用1.9。xone将GOROOT设置为/path/到/go/1.9(之前,如果没有设置,它假设默认路径为/usr/local/go或c:\ go)。

参见CL Go Review 53370:

The go tool will now use the path from which it was invoked to attempt to locate the root of the Go install tree. This means that if the entire Go installation is moved to a new location, the go tool should continue to work as usual. This may be overriden by setting GOROOT in the environment, which should only be done in unusual circumstances. Note that this does not affect the result of the runtime.GOROOT() function, which will continue to report the original installation location; this may be fixed in later releases.

以下是我的简单设置:

directory for go related things: ~/programming/go
directory for go compiler/tools: ~/programming/go/go-1.4
directory for go software      : ~/programming/go/packages

GOROOT、GOPATH、PATH的设置如下:

export GOROOT=/home/user/programming/go/go-1.4
export GOPATH=/home/user/programming/go/packages
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin

所以,简而言之:

GOROOT是编译器/工具,来自go安装。 GOPATH是为你自己的项目/第三方库(下载“go get”)。

通常不应该显式地设置GOROOT。go命令根据它自己的目录位置自动识别适当的GOROOT。


GOPATH默认为$HOME/go。只有当你想把它放在其他地方时,你才需要显式地设置它。

GOPATH包含:

使用go install安装的二进制文件,位于$GOPATH/bin.¹ 可以使用GOBIN环境变量覆盖该位置。 下载的模块源代码和校验和的缓存,位于$GOPATH/pkg/mod。 这个位置可以使用GOMODCACHE环境变量来覆盖。

如果同时设置了GOBIN和GOMODCACHE,而没有设置GO111MODULE=off,那么GOPATH本身应该基本上没有影响。


另外,在传统的GOPATH模式下(也设置了GO111MODULE=off), GOPATH包含:

用于构建包的源代码,存储在根目录树$GOPATH/src中。 使用go install安装的非二进制文件,位于$GOPATH/pkg。 安装非二进制包不再特别有用:go命令有一个构建工件的缓存,从go 1.12开始,即使是在GOPATH模式下,这也是必需的。 构建缓存不在GOPATH中。它的位置可以用GOCACHE环境变量设置。


¹二进制文件也可以在go 1.17及更早的版本上使用go get安装,但go install优先于go 1.16;见https://golang.org/doc/go1.16。

在cmd/go文档中讨论了GOPATH:

GOPATH环境变量列出了寻找Go代码的位置。在 Unix,值是一个冒号分隔的字符串。Windows操作系统为 以分号分隔的字符串。在Plan 9中,取值为列表。 必须将GOPATH设置为在外部获取、构建和安装包 标准围棋树。

安装说明中讨论了GOROOT:

The Go binary distributions assume they will be installed in /usr/local/go (or c:\Go under Windows), but it is possible to install the Go tools to a different location. In this case you must set the GOROOT environment variable to point to the directory in which it was installed. For example, if you installed Go to your home directory you should add the following commands to $HOME/.profile: export GOROOT=$HOME/go export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin Note: GOROOT must be set only when installing to a custom location.

(更新版的克里斯·邦奇的回答。)

从go 1.8(2017年第二季度)开始,GOPATH将默认设置为$HOME/go

参见第17262期和Rob Pike的评论:

$HOME/go就是这样。 没有唯一的最佳答案,但这是简短而甜蜜的,只有在$HOME/go已经存在的情况下,选择这个名称才会成为一个问题,这只会发生在已经安装了go并且理解GOPATH的专家身上。