为什么不在HTML中使用表格布局呢?

在HTML中，表格不应该用于布局，这似乎是普遍的观点。

Why?

我从来没有(老实说，很少)看到过支持这一点的有力论据。通常的答案是:

It's good to separate content from layoutBut this is a fallacious argument; Cliche Thinking. I guess it's true that using the table element for layout has little to do with tabular data. So what? Does my boss care? Do my users care?Perhaps me or my fellow developers who have to maintain a web page care... Is a table less maintainable? I think using a table is easier than using divs and CSS.By the way... why is using a div or a span good separation of content from layout and a table not? Getting a good layout with only divs often requires a lot of nested divs. Readability of the codeI think it's the other way around. Most people understand HTML, few understand CSS. It's better for SEO not to use tablesWhy? Can anybody show some evidence that it is? Or a statement from Google that tables are discouraged from an SEO perspective? Tables are slower.An extra tbody element has to be inserted. This is peanuts for modern web browsers. Show me some benchmarks where the use of a table significantly slows down a page. A layout overhaul is easier without tables, see css Zen Garden.Most web sites that need an upgrade need new content (HTML) as well. Scenarios where a new version of a web site only needs a new CSS file are not very likely. Zen Garden is a nice web site, but a bit theoretical. Not to mention its misuse of CSS.

我对使用divs + CSS而不是表的良好参数非常感兴趣。

当前回答

当我使用CSS设计我的布局时，我通常给每个主要部分都有自己的根(主体级别)div，并使用相对/绝对定位将其置于适当的位置。这比表更灵活一些，因为我不局限于可以用行和列表示的排列。

此外，如果我决定我想要重新安排布局(说我想要导航栏现在在右边)，我可以简单地去改变一个地方(CSS文件)的元素位置，HTML不需要改变。如果我对表执行此操作，我将不得不进入并找到信息，并进行大量属性修改和复制粘贴以获得相同的效果。

事实上，使用CSS，我甚至可以让我的用户选择他们想要的布局如何工作。只要内容区域的一般大小不改变，我完全可以使用一些PHP脚本来根据用户的偏好输出CSS，并允许他们根据自己的喜好重新排列站点。同样，对于表也是可以的，但是维护起来要困难得多。

最后，CSS提供了一个表永远无法提供的主要好处:基于显示设备重新格式化内容的能力。CSS允许我在打印机上使用与显示器上完全不同的样式集(包括位置、格式等)。这也可以扩展到其他媒体，一个很好的例子是Opera Show，它允许一个设计巧妙(非常标准)的CSS增强页面被视为幻灯片显示。

因此，最终，灵活性和管理才是真正的赢家。一般来说，CSS允许你对布局做更多的事情。基于表的布局在技术上没有什么不标准的，但为什么要限制自己呢?

2008-09-24 07:18:29

其他回答

下面是来自最近项目的一段html:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <title>{DYNAMIC(TITLE)}</title>
    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles/base.css" />
</head>
<body>
    <div id="header">
        <h1><!-- Page title --></h1>
        <ol id="navigation">
            <!-- Navigation items -->
        </ol>
        <div class="clearfix"></div>
    </div>
    <div id="sidebar">
        <!-- Sidebar content -->
    </div>
    <!-- Page content -->
    <p id="footer"><!-- Footer content --></p>
</body>
</html>

这是与基于表格的布局相同的代码。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <title>{DYNAMIC(TITLE)}</title>
    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles/base.css" />
</head>
<body>
    <table cellspacing="0">
        <tr>
            <td><!-- Page Title --></td>
            <td>
                <table>
                    <tr>
                        <td>Navitem</td>
                        <td>Navitem</td>
                    </tr>
                </table>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>

    <table>
        <tr>
            <td><!-- Page content --></td>
            <td><!-- Sidebar content --></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2">Footer</td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</body>
</html>

我在基于表格的布局中看到的唯一干净的地方是我对缩进的过度热情。我确信内容部分将有另外两个嵌入式表。

另一件需要考虑的事情是:文件大小。我发现基于表格的布局通常是CSS布局的两倍大。在我们的高速宽带上，这不是一个大问题，但在那些拨号调制解调器上。

2008-09-18 10:10:56

我认为没有人会在意一个网站是如何设计/实现的，当它运行得很好并且运行得很快的时候。

我在HTML标记中同时使用“table”和“div”/“span”标记。

让我给你一些我为什么选择跳水的理由:

for a table you have to write at least 3 tags (table, tr, td, thead, tbody), for a nice design, sometimes you have a lot of nested tables I like to have components on the page. I don't know how to explain exactly but will try. Suppose you need a logo and this have to be placed, just a small piece of it, over the next page content. Using tables you have to cut 2 images and put this into 2 different TDs. Using DIVs you can have a simple CSS to arange it as you want. Which solution do you like best? when more then 3 nested tables for doing something I am thinking to redesign it using DIVs

但是我仍然在使用表格:

表格数据扩展自我的内容快速解决方案(原型)，因为DIVs盒子模型在每个浏览器上是不同的，因为许多生成器使用表格等

2008-09-18 08:45:16

根据过去的经验，我必须选择DIV。即使在OOP中，主要目的也是减少对象之间的耦合，因此这个概念可以应用于DIVS和表。表用于保存数据，而不是围绕页面排列数据。DIV是专门设计用于在页面周围排列项目的，因此设计应该使用DIV，表应该用于存储数据。

此外，编辑由表格组成的网站是非常困难的(在我看来)

2008-09-17 20:36:59

In the past, screen readers and other accessibility software had a difficult time handling tables in an efficient fashion. To some extent, this became handled in screen readers by the reader switching between a "table" mode and a "layout" mode based on what it saw inside the table. This was often wrong, and so the users had to manually switch the mode when navigating through tables. In any case, the large, often highly nested tables were, and to a large extent, are still very difficult to navigate through using a screen reader.

The same is true when divs or other block-level elements are used to recreate tables and are highly nested. The purpose of divs is to be used as a fomating and layout element, and as such, are intended used to hold similar information, and lay it out on the screen for visual users. When a screen reader encounters a page, it often ignores any layout information, both CSS based, as well as html attribute based(This isn't true for all screen readers, but for the most popular ones, like JAWS, Windows Eyes, and Orca for Linux it is).

为此，表格式数据，也就是逻辑上有意义的在二维或多维维度中排序的数据，具有某种标题，最好放在表中，并使用div来管理页面上内容的布局。(另一种思考“表格数据”的方式是尝试以图表形式绘制它……如果你不能，它可能不是最好的表示在一个表中)

Finally, with a table-based layout, in order to achieve a fine-grained control of the position of elements on the page, highly nested tables are often used. This has two effects: 1.) Increased code size for each page - Since navigation and common structure is often done with the tables, the same code is sent over the network for each request, whereas a div/css based layout pulls the css file over once, and then uses less wordy divs. 2.) Highly nested tables take much longer for the client's browser to render, leading to slightly slower load times.

在这两种情况下，“最后一英里”带宽的增加，以及更快的个人电脑缓解了这些因素，但它们仍然是许多网站存在的问题。

With all of this in mind, as others have said, tables are easier, because they are more grid-oriented, allowing for less thought. If the site in question is not expected to be around long, or will not be maintained, it might make sense to do what is easiest, because it might be the most cost effective. However, if the anticipated userbase might include a substantial portion of handicapped individuals, or if the site will be maintained by others for a long time, spending the time up front to do things in a concise, accessible way may payoff more in the end.

2008-10-15 03:29:37

一张桌子来布置也不错。但大多数情况下，仅靠一张表是无法得到所需的布局的。很快你就有了2到3个嵌套表。这变得非常麻烦。

It IS a LOT harder to read. That's not up to opinion. There's just more nested tags with no identifying marks on them. Separating content from presentation is a good thing because it allows you to focus on what you're doing. Mixing the two leads to bloated pages that are hard to read. CSS for styles allows your browser to cache the files and subsequent requests are much faster. This is HUGE. Tables lock you into a design. Sure, not everyone needs the flexibility of CSS Zen Garden, but I've never worked on a site where I didn't need to change the design a little bit here and there. It's much easier with CSS. Tables are hard to style. You don't have very much flexibility with them (i.e. you still need to add HTML attributes to fully control a table's styles)

我大概有4年没有用表格来处理非表格数据了。我没有回头。

我真的很想建议你阅读Andy Budd的《CSS Mastery》。棒极了。

图片在ecx.images-amazon.com http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41TH5NFKPEL._SL500_BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-dp-500-arrow,TopRight,45，-64_OU01_AA240_SH20_.jpg

2008-09-17 15:36:31

为什么不在HTML中使用表格布局呢?

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