试试这个

SELECT COLUMNS.*
FROM   INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS COLUMNS,
       INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES TABLES
WHERE  COLUMNS.TABLE_NAME = TABLES.TABLE_NAME
       AND Upper(COLUMNS.COLUMN_NAME) = Upper('column_name') 

如果列不存在，请执行以下操作：

BEGIN
    IF (COL_LENGTH('[dbo].[Table]', 'Column ') IS NULL)
    BEGIN
        // Do something
    END
END;

如果列确实存在，请执行以下操作：

BEGIN
    IF (COL_LENGTH('[dbo].[Table]', 'Column ') IS NOT NULL)
    BEGIN
        // Do something
    END
END;

试试这个。。。

IF NOT EXISTS(
  SELECT TOP 1 1
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
  WHERE 
    [TABLE_NAME] = 'Employees'
    AND [COLUMN_NAME] = 'EmployeeID')
BEGIN
  ALTER TABLE [Employees]
    ADD [EmployeeID] INT NULL
END

尝试以下操作：

CREATE FUNCTION ColumnExists(@TableName varchar(100), @ColumnName varchar(100))
RETURNS varchar(1) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @Result varchar(1);
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Columns WHERE TABLE_NAME = @TableName AND COLUMN_NAME = @ColumnName)
BEGIN
    SET @Result = 'T'
END
ELSE
BEGIN
    SET @Result = 'F'
END
RETURN @Result;
END
GO

GRANT EXECUTE ON  [ColumnExists] TO [whoever]
GO

然后这样使用：

IF ColumnExists('xxx', 'yyyy') = 'F'
BEGIN
  ALTER TABLE xxx
  ADD yyyyy varChar(10) NOT NULL
END
GO

它应该可以在SQL Server 2000和SQL Server 2005上运行。我不确定SQL Server 2008，但我不知道为什么不这样做。

if exists (
  select * 
  from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
  where TABLE_NAME = '<table_name>' 
  and COLUMN_NAME = '<column_name>'
) begin
  print 'Column you have specified exists'
end else begin
  print 'Column does not exist'
end

这在SQL Server 2000中对我有效：

IF EXISTS
(
    SELECT *
    FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
    WHERE table_name = 'table_name'
    AND column_name = 'column_name'
)
BEGIN
...
END