HashMap, LinkedHashMap和TreeMap在Java中的区别是什么? 我在输出中没有看到任何不同,因为这三个都有keySet和values。什么是哈希表?

Map m1 = new HashMap();
m1.put("map", "HashMap");
m1.put("schildt", "java2");
m1.put("mathew", "Hyden");
m1.put("schildt", "java2s");
print(m1.keySet()); 
print(m1.values()); 

SortedMap sm = new TreeMap();
sm.put("map", "TreeMap");
sm.put("schildt", "java2");
sm.put("mathew", "Hyden");
sm.put("schildt", "java2s");
print(sm.keySet()); 
print(sm.values());

LinkedHashMap lm = new LinkedHashMap();
lm.put("map", "LinkedHashMap");
lm.put("schildt", "java2");
lm.put("mathew", "Hyden");
lm.put("schildt", "java2s");
print(lm.keySet()); 
print(lm.values());

当前回答

这三个都表示从唯一键到值的映射,因此实现了Map接口。

HashMap is a map based on hashing of the keys. It supports O(1) get/put operations. Keys must have consistent implementations of hashCode() and equals() for this to work. LinkedHashMap is very similar to HashMap, but it adds awareness to the order at which items are added (or accessed), so the iteration order is the same as insertion order (or access order, depending on construction parameters). TreeMap is a tree based mapping. Its put/get operations take O(log n) time. It requires items to have some comparison mechanism, either with Comparable or Comparator. The iteration order is determined by this mechanism.

其他回答

HashMap 可以包含一个空键。

HashMap没有秩序。

TreeMap

TreeMap不能包含任何空键。

TreeMap保持升序。

LinkedHashMap

LinkedHashMap可用于维护插入顺序,即键被插入到Map中,也可用于维护访问顺序,即键被访问。

例子::

1) HashMap map = new HashMap();

    map.put(null, "Kamran");
    map.put(2, "Ali");
    map.put(5, "From");
    map.put(4, "Dir");`enter code here`
    map.put(3, "Lower");
    for (Map.Entry m : map.entrySet()) {
        System.out.println(m.getKey() + "  " + m.getValue());
    } 

2) TreeMap map = new TreeMap();

    map.put(1, "Kamran");
    map.put(2, "Ali");
    map.put(5, "From");
    map.put(4, "Dir");
    map.put(3, "Lower");
    for (Map.Entry m : map.entrySet()) {
        System.out.println(m.getKey() + "  " + m.getValue());
    }

3) LinkedHashMap map = new LinkedHashMap();

    map.put(1, "Kamran");
    map.put(2, "Ali");
    map.put(5, "From");
    map.put(4, "Dir");
    map.put(3, "Lower");
    for (Map.Entry m : map.entrySet()) {
        System.out.println(m.getKey() + "  " + m.getValue());
    }

@Amit: SortedMap is an interface whereas TreeMap is a class which implements the SortedMap interface. That means if follows the protocol which SortedMap asks its implementers to do. A tree unless implemented as search tree, can't give you ordered data because tree can be any kind of tree. So to make TreeMap work like Sorted order, it implements SortedMap ( e.g, Binary Search Tree - BST, balanced BST like AVL and R-B Tree , even Ternary Search Tree - mostly used for iterative searches in ordered way ).

public class TreeMap<K,V>
extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements SortedMap<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable

在坚果壳 HashMap:给出O(1)的数据,没有排序

TreeMap:给出O(log N),以2为底的数据。使用有序键

LinkedHashMap:是具有链表(想想索引- skiplist)功能的哈希表,以插入树的方式存储数据。最适合实现LRU(最近最少使用)。

这三个类都实现了Map接口,并提供了基本相同的功能。最重要的区别是迭代条目的顺序:

HashMap绝对不保证迭代顺序。当添加新元素时,它甚至可以(也将会)完全改变。 TreeMap将根据键的compareTo()方法(或外部提供的Comparator)的“自然顺序”进行迭代。此外,它实现了SortedMap接口,该接口包含依赖于此排序顺序的方法。 LinkedHashMap将按照条目放入映射的顺序进行迭代

“哈希表”是基于哈希的映射的通用名称。在Java API的上下文中, Hashtable是Java 1.1时代的一个过时的类,在集合框架存在之前。它不应该再使用了,因为它的API中充满了重复功能的过时方法,而且它的方法是同步的(这会降低性能,而且通常是无用的)。使用ConcurrentHashMap而不是Hashtable。

HashMap: 不维持秩序 比LinkedHashMap快 用于存储对象堆 LinkedHashMap: LinkedHashMap插入顺序将被维持 比HashMap慢,比TreeMap快 如果你想保持一个插入顺序,使用这个。 TreeMap: TreeMap是一种基于树的映射 TreeMap将遵循键的自然顺序 比HashMap和LinkedHashMap慢 在需要维护自然(默认)排序时使用TreeMap

请看下图(大图)中每个类在类层次结构中的位置。TreeMap实现了SortedMap和NavigableMap,而HashMap没有。

HashTable已经过时,应该使用相应的ConcurrentHashMap类。