你不能在一个PHP类中放入两个具有唯一参数签名的__construct函数。我想这样做:

class Student 
{
   protected $id;
   protected $name;
   // etc.

   public function __construct($id){
       $this->id = $id;
      // other members are still uninitialized
   }

   public function __construct($row_from_database){
       $this->id = $row_from_database->id;
       $this->name = $row_from_database->name;
       // etc.
   }
}

PHP中最好的方法是什么?


当前回答

Kris的解决方案真的很好,但我更喜欢工厂和流畅风格的混合:

<?php

class Student
{

    protected $firstName;
    protected $lastName;
    // etc.

    /**
     * Constructor
     */
    public function __construct() {
        // allocate your stuff
    }

    /**
     * Static constructor / factory
     */
    public static function create() {
        return new self();
    }

    /**
     * FirstName setter - fluent style
     */
    public function setFirstName($firstName) {
        $this->firstName = $firstName;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * LastName setter - fluent style
     */
    public function setLastName($lastName) {
        $this->lastName = $lastName;
        return $this;
    }

}

// create instance
$student= Student::create()->setFirstName("John")->setLastName("Doe");

// see result
var_dump($student);
?>

其他回答

正如这里已经展示的,在PHP中有许多方法来声明多个构造函数,但是没有一种方法是正确的(因为PHP技术上不允许这样做)。 但这并不能阻止我们破解这个功能…… 下面是另一个例子:

<?php

class myClass {
    public function __construct() {
        $get_arguments       = func_get_args();
        $number_of_arguments = func_num_args();

        if (method_exists($this, $method_name = '__construct'.$number_of_arguments)) {
            call_user_func_array(array($this, $method_name), $get_arguments);
        }
    }

    public function __construct1($argument1) {
        echo 'constructor with 1 parameter ' . $argument1 . "\n";
    }

    public function __construct2($argument1, $argument2) {
        echo 'constructor with 2 parameter ' . $argument1 . ' ' . $argument2 . "\n";
    }

    public function __construct3($argument1, $argument2, $argument3) {
        echo 'constructor with 3 parameter ' . $argument1 . ' ' . $argument2 . ' ' . $argument3 . "\n";
    }
}

$object1 = new myClass('BUET');
$object2 = new myClass('BUET', 'is');
$object3 = new myClass('BUET', 'is', 'Best.');

使用和理解多个构造函数的最简单方法:

希望这能有所帮助。:)

Kris的解决方案真的很好,但我更喜欢工厂和流畅风格的混合:

<?php

class Student
{

    protected $firstName;
    protected $lastName;
    // etc.

    /**
     * Constructor
     */
    public function __construct() {
        // allocate your stuff
    }

    /**
     * Static constructor / factory
     */
    public static function create() {
        return new self();
    }

    /**
     * FirstName setter - fluent style
     */
    public function setFirstName($firstName) {
        $this->firstName = $firstName;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * LastName setter - fluent style
     */
    public function setLastName($lastName) {
        $this->lastName = $lastName;
        return $this;
    }

}

// create instance
$student= Student::create()->setFirstName("John")->setLastName("Doe");

// see result
var_dump($student);
?>

更现代的方法: 你把独立的类混合成一个,实体和数据水合。 对于你的案例,你应该有两个类:

class Student 
{
   protected $id;
   protected $name;
   // etc.
}
class StudentHydrator
{
   public function hydrate(Student $student, array $data){
      $student->setId($data['id']);
      if(isset($data['name')){
        $student->setName($data['name']);
      }
      // etc. Can be replaced with foreach
      return $student;
   }
}

//usage
$hydrator = new StudentHydrator();
$student = $hydrator->hydrate(new Student(), ['id'=>4]);
$student2 = $hydrator->hydrate(new Student(), $rowFromDB);

另外请注意,您应该使用doctrine或其他已经提供自动实体水合的ORM。 你应该使用依赖注入来跳过手动创建像StudentHydrator这样的对象。

嗯,很惊讶我还没有看到这个答案,假设我要参加竞选。

class Action {
    const cancelable    =   0;
    const target        =   1
    const type          =   2;

    public $cancelable;
    public $target;
    public $type;


    __construct( $opt = [] ){

        $this->cancelable   = isset($opt[cancelable]) ? $opt[cancelable] : true;
        $this->target       = isset($opt[target]) ?     $opt[target] : NULL;
        $this->type         = isset($opt[type]) ?       $opt[type] : 'action';

    }
}


$myAction = new Action( [
    Action::cancelable => false,
    Action::type => 'spin',
    .
    .
    .
]);

您可以选择将这些选项分离到它们自己的类中,例如扩展脾。

abstract class ActionOpt extends SplEnum{
    const cancelable    =   0;
    const target        =   1
    const type          =   2;
}

为了回应Kris的最佳答案(顺便说一句,他帮助我设计了自己的课程),这里有一个修改过的版本,供那些可能会觉得有用的人使用。包括用于从任何列中进行选择和从数组中转储对象数据的方法。干杯!

public function __construct() {
    $this -> id = 0;
    //...
}

public static function Exists($id) {
    if (!$id) return false;
    $id = (int)$id;
    if ($id <= 0) return false;
    $mysqli = Mysql::Connect();
    if (mysqli_num_rows(mysqli_query($mysqli, "SELECT id FROM users WHERE id = " . $id)) == 1) return true;
    return false;
}

public static function FromId($id) {
    $u = new self();
    if (!$u -> FillFromColumn("id", $id)) return false;
    return $u;
}

public static function FromColumn($column, $value) {
    $u = new self();
    if (!$u -> FillFromColumn($column, $value)) return false;
    return $u;
}

public static function FromArray($row = array()) {
    if (!is_array($row) || $row == array()) return false;
    $u = new self();
    $u -> FillFromArray($row);
    return $u;
}

protected function FillFromColumn($column, $value) {
    $mysqli = Mysql::Connect();
    //Assuming we're only allowed to specified EXISTENT columns
    $result = mysqli_query($mysqli, "SELECT * FROM users WHERE " . $column . " = '" . $value . "'");
    $count = mysqli_num_rows($result);
    if ($count == 0) return false;
    $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result);
    $this -> FillFromArray($row);
}

protected function FillFromArray(array $row) {
    foreach($row as $i => $v) {
        if (isset($this -> $i)) {
            $this -> $i = $v;
        }
    }
}

public function ToArray() {
    $m = array();
    foreach ($this as $i => $v) {
        $m[$i] = $v;    
    }
    return $m;
}

public function Dump() {
    print_r("<PRE>");
    print_r($this -> ToArray());
    print_r("</PRE>");  
}