如果您没有3.7的@dataclass，并且需要可变性，那么下面的代码可能适合您。它是非常自文档化和ide友好的(自动完成)，防止编写两次内容，易于扩展，并且非常简单地测试所有实例变量都被完全初始化:

class Params():
    def __init__(self):
        self.var1 : int = None
        self.var2 : str = None

    def are_all_defined(self):
        for key, value in self.__dict__.items():
            assert (value is not None), "instance variable {} is still None".format(key)
        return True


params = Params()
params.var1 = 2
params.var2 = 'hello'
assert(params.are_all_defined)

就我个人而言，我也喜欢这种变体。它扩展了@dF的答案。

class struct:
    def __init__(self, *sequential, **named):
        fields = dict(zip(sequential, [None]*len(sequential)), **named)
        self.__dict__.update(fields)
    def __repr__(self):
        return str(self.__dict__)

它支持两种初始化模式(可以混合使用):

# Struct with field1, field2, field3 that are initialized to None.
mystruct1 = struct("field1", "field2", "field3") 
# Struct with field1, field2, field3 that are initialized according to arguments.
mystruct2 = struct(field1=1, field2=2, field3=3)

而且，它打印得更好:

print(mystruct2)
# Prints: {'field3': 3, 'field1': 1, 'field2': 2}

每当我需要一个“行为像字典一样的即时数据对象”(我不会想到C结构体!)，我就会想到这个可爱的hack:

class Map(dict):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super(Map, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.__dict__ = self

现在你可以说:

struct = Map(field1='foo', field2='bar', field3=42)

self.assertEquals('bar', struct.field2)
self.assertEquals(42, struct['field3'])

当你需要一个“不是类的数据包”的时候，非常方便，当命名元组是不可理解的……

我发现做到这一点的最好方法是使用自定义字典类，如本文所述:https://stackoverflow.com/a/14620633/8484485

如果需要iPython自动补全支持，只需像这样定义dir()函数:

class AttrDict(dict):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(AttrDict, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.__dict__ = self
    def __dir__(self):
        return self.keys()

然后像这样定义你的伪结构(这个是嵌套的)

my_struct=AttrDict ({
    'com1':AttrDict ({
        'inst':[0x05],
        'numbytes':2,
        'canpayload':False,
        'payload':None
    })
})

然后你可以像这样访问my_struct中的值:

打印(my_struct.com1.inst)

= > [5]

https://stackoverflow.com/a/32448434/159695在Python3中不起作用。

https://stackoverflow.com/a/35993/159695在Python3中工作。

然后我扩展它来添加默认值。

class myStruct:
    def __init__(self, **kwds):
        self.x=0
        self.__dict__.update(kwds) # Must be last to accept assigned member variable.
    def __repr__(self):
        args = ['%s=%s' % (k, repr(v)) for (k,v) in vars(self).items()]
        return '%s(%s)' % ( self.__class__.__qualname__, ', '.join(args) )

a=myStruct()
b=myStruct(x=3,y='test')
c=myStruct(x='str')

>>> a
myStruct(x=0)
>>> b
myStruct(x=3, y='test')
>>> c
myStruct(x='str')

我能想到的最干净的方法是使用一个类装饰器，它可以让你声明一个静态类，并将其重写为一个具有正常命名属性的结构体:

from as_struct import struct

@struct
class Product():
    name = 'unknown product'
    quantity = -1
    sku = '-'

# create instance
p = Product('plush toy', sku='12-345-6789')

# check content:
p.name     # plush toy
p.quantity # -1 
p.sku      # 12-345-6789

使用以下装饰器代码:

def struct(struct_class):
    # create a new init
    def struct_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
        i = 0 # we really don't need enumerate() here...
        for value in args:
            name = member_names[i]
            default_value = member_values[i]
            setattr(self, name, value if value is not None else default_value)
            i += 1 # ...we just need to inc an int
        for key,value in kwargs.items():
            i = member_names.index(key)
            default_value = member_values[i]
            setattr(self, key, value if value is not None else default_value)
    # extract the struct members
    member_names = []
    member_values = []
    for attr_name in dir(struct_class):
        if not attr_name.startswith('_'):
            value = getattr(struct_class, attr_name)
            if not callable(value):
                member_names.append(attr_name)
                member_values.append(value)
    # rebind and return
    struct_class.init = struct_init
    return struct_class

它的工作原理是获取类，提取字段名及其默认值，然后重写类的__init__函数，根据知道哪个参数索引映射到哪个属性名来设置self属性。