这个解决方案不关心正方形或矩形的尺寸，你可以旋转4x5或5x4甚至4x4，它也不关心大小。 注意，这种实现在每次调用rotate90方法时都会创建一个新数组，它根本不会改变原始数组。

public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[][] a = new int[][] { 
                    { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, 
                    { 5, 6, 7, 8 }, 
                    { 9, 0, 1, 2 }, 
                    { 3, 4, 5, 6 }, 
                    { 7, 8, 9, 0 } 
                  };
    int[][] rotate180 = rotate90(rotate90(a));
    print(rotate180);
}

static int[][] rotate90(int[][] a) {
    int[][] ret = new int[a[0].length][a.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) {
            ret[j][a.length - i - 1] = a[i][j];
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

static void print(int[][] array) {
    for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
        System.out.print("[");
        for (int j = 0; j < array[i].length; j++) {
            System.out.print(array[i][j]);
            System.out.print(" ");
        }
        System.out.println("]");
    }
}

在Java中

public class Matrix {
/* Author Shrikant Dande */
private static void showMatrix(int[][] arr,int rows,int col){

    for(int i =0 ;i<rows;i++){
        for(int j =0 ;j<col;j++){
            System.out.print(arr[i][j]+" ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

}

private static void rotateMatrix(int[][] arr,int rows,int col){

    int[][] tempArr = new int[4][4];
    for(int i =0 ;i<rows;i++){
        for(int j =0 ;j<col;j++){
            tempArr[i][j] = arr[rows-1-j][i];
            System.out.print(tempArr[i][j]+" ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

}
public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[][] arr = { {1,  2,  3,  4},
             {5,  6,  7,  8},
             {9,  1, 2, 5},
             {7, 4, 8, 9}};
    int rows = 4,col = 4;

    showMatrix(arr, rows, col);
    System.out.println("------------------------------------------------");
    rotateMatrix(arr, rows, col);

}

}

哦，伙计。我一直认为这是一个“我很无聊，我能思考什么”的谜题。我想出了我的原地换位码，但到了这里发现你的和我的几乎一模一样……啊,好。这里是Ruby版本。

require 'pp'
n = 10
a = []
n.times { a << (1..n).to_a }

pp a

0.upto(n/2-1) do |i|
  i.upto(n-i-2) do |j|
    tmp             = a[i][j]
    a[i][j]         = a[n-j-1][i]
    a[n-j-1][i]     = a[n-i-1][n-j-1]
    a[n-i-1][n-j-1] = a[j][n-i-1]
    a[j][n-i-1]     = tmp
  end
end

pp a

正如我在上一篇文章中所说的，这里有一些c#代码，可以为任何大小的矩阵实现O(1)矩阵旋转。为了简洁性和可读性，没有错误检查或范围检查。代码:

static void Main (string [] args)
{
  int [,]
    //  create an arbitrary matrix
    m = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}, {4, 5}};

  Matrix
    //  create wrappers for the data
    m1 = new Matrix (m),
    m2 = new Matrix (m),
    m3 = new Matrix (m);

  //  rotate the matricies in various ways - all are O(1)
  m1.RotateClockwise90 ();
  m2.Rotate180 ();
  m3.RotateAnitclockwise90 ();

  //  output the result of transforms
  System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine (m1.ToString ());
  System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine (m2.ToString ());
  System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine (m3.ToString ());
}

class Matrix
{
  enum Rotation
  {
    None,
    Clockwise90,
    Clockwise180,
    Clockwise270
  }

  public Matrix (int [,] matrix)
  {
    m_matrix = matrix;
    m_rotation = Rotation.None;
  }

  //  the transformation routines
  public void RotateClockwise90 ()
  {
    m_rotation = (Rotation) (((int) m_rotation + 1) & 3);
  }

  public void Rotate180 ()
  {
    m_rotation = (Rotation) (((int) m_rotation + 2) & 3);
  }

  public void RotateAnitclockwise90 ()
  {
    m_rotation = (Rotation) (((int) m_rotation + 3) & 3);
  }

  //  accessor property to make class look like a two dimensional array
  public int this [int row, int column]
  {
    get
    {
      int
        value = 0;

      switch (m_rotation)
      {
      case Rotation.None:
        value = m_matrix [row, column];
        break;

      case Rotation.Clockwise90:
        value = m_matrix [m_matrix.GetUpperBound (0) - column, row];
        break;

      case Rotation.Clockwise180:
        value = m_matrix [m_matrix.GetUpperBound (0) - row, m_matrix.GetUpperBound (1) - column];
        break;

      case Rotation.Clockwise270:
        value = m_matrix [column, m_matrix.GetUpperBound (1) - row];
        break;
      }

      return value;
    }

    set
    {
      switch (m_rotation)
      {
      case Rotation.None:
        m_matrix [row, column] = value;
        break;

      case Rotation.Clockwise90:
        m_matrix [m_matrix.GetUpperBound (0) - column, row] = value;
        break;

      case Rotation.Clockwise180:
        m_matrix [m_matrix.GetUpperBound (0) - row, m_matrix.GetUpperBound (1) - column] = value;
        break;

      case Rotation.Clockwise270:
        m_matrix [column, m_matrix.GetUpperBound (1) - row] = value;
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  //  creates a string with the matrix values
  public override string ToString ()
  {
    int
      num_rows = 0,
      num_columns = 0;

    switch (m_rotation)
    {
    case Rotation.None:
    case Rotation.Clockwise180:
      num_rows = m_matrix.GetUpperBound (0);
      num_columns = m_matrix.GetUpperBound (1);
      break;

    case Rotation.Clockwise90:
    case Rotation.Clockwise270:
      num_rows = m_matrix.GetUpperBound (1);
      num_columns = m_matrix.GetUpperBound (0);
      break;
    }

    StringBuilder
      output = new StringBuilder ();

    output.Append ("{");

    for (int row = 0 ; row <= num_rows ; ++row)
    {
      if (row != 0)
      {
        output.Append (", ");
      }

      output.Append ("{");

      for (int column = 0 ; column <= num_columns ; ++column)
      {
        if (column != 0)
        {
          output.Append (", ");
        }

        output.Append (this [row, column].ToString ());
      }

      output.Append ("}");
    }

    output.Append ("}");

    return output.ToString ();
  }

  int [,]
    //  the original matrix
    m_matrix;

  Rotation
    //  the current view of the matrix
    m_rotation;
}

好的，我把手举起来，当旋转时，它实际上不会对原始数组做任何修改。但是，在面向对象系统中，只要对象看起来像是被旋转到类的客户端，这就无关紧要了。目前，Matrix类使用对原始数组数据的引用，因此改变m1的任何值也将改变m2和m3。对构造函数稍加更改，创建一个新数组并将值复制到该数组中，就可以将其整理出来。

这是一个空间旋转方法，由java编写，只适用于正方形。对于非正方形的2d数组，无论如何都必须创建新数组。

private void rotateInSpace(int[][] arr) {
    int z = arr.length;
    for (int i = 0; i < z / 2; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < (z / 2 + z % 2); j++) {
            int x = i, y = j;
            int temp = arr[x][y];
            for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
                int temptemp = arr[y][z - x - 1];
                arr[y][z - x - 1] = temp;
                temp = temptemp;

                int tempX = y;
                y = z - x - 1;
                x = tempX;
            }
        }
    }
}

通过创建新数组旋转任何大小的2d数组的代码:

private int[][] rotate(int[][] arr) {
    int width = arr[0].length;
    int depth = arr.length;
    int[][] re = new int[width][depth];
    for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {
            re[j][depth - i - 1] = arr[i][j];
        }
    }
    return re;
}

O(1)内存算法:

旋转最外层的数据，然后你可以得到以下结果: [3] [9] [5] [1] [4] [6] [7] [2] [5] [0] [1] [3] [6] [2] [8] [4]

做这个旋转，我们知道

    dest[j][n-1-i] = src[i][j]

观察下图: A (0,0) -> A (0,3) A (0,3) -> A (3,3) A (3,3) -> A (3,0) A (3,0) -> A (0,0)

因此它是一个圆，你可以在一个循环中旋转N个元素。做这个N-1循环，然后你可以旋转最外层的元素。

对于2X2，内部也是一样的问题。

因此，我们可以得出如下结论:

function rotate(array, N)
{
    Rotate outer-most data
    rotate a new array with N-2 or you can do the similar action following step1
}