使用下面的两个类，我尝试连接到一个MySQL数据库。然而，我总是得到这个错误:
Wed Dec 09 22:46:52 CET 2015 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
这是带有main方法的测试类:
public class TestDatabase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Database db = new Database();
try {
db.connect();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
db.close();
}
}
这是数据库类:
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class Database {
private Connection con;
public void connect() throws Exception{
if(con != null) return;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new Exception("No database");
}
String connectionURL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Peoples";
con = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionURL, "root", "milos23");
}
public void close(){
if(con != null){
try {
con.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
像这样提到url:
jdbc:mysql://hostname:3306/hibernatedb?autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false
但是在xml配置中，当你提到& sign时，IDE会显示以下错误:
对实体“useSSL”的引用必须以“;”分隔符结束。
然后你必须显式地使用&在XML中，你必须在XML配置中给出这样的url，而不是将&确定为&:
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://hostname:3306/hibernatedb?autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false</property>
启动到MySQL服务器的连接的默认值在最近发生了变化，并且(通过快速浏览关于堆栈溢出的最流行的问题和答案)新值引起了很多混乱。更糟糕的是，标准的建议似乎是完全禁用SSL，这是一场正在形成的灾难。
现在，如果您的连接确实没有暴露到网络(仅针对本地主机)，或者您正在一个没有实际数据的非生产环境中工作，那么当然:通过包含useSSL=false选项来禁用SSL没有害处。
对于其他人，需要以下一组选项来让SSL与证书和主机验证一起工作:
useSSL = true
sslMode = VERIFY_IDENTITY
trustCertificateKeyStoreUrl =文件:path_to_keystore
trustCertificateKeyStorePassword =密码
作为一个额外的好处，看到你已经在玩选项，禁用弱SSL协议也很简单:
enabledTLSProtocols = TLSv1。2
例子
因此，作为一个工作示例，你需要遵循以下主要步骤:
首先，确保为MySQL服务器主机生成了有效的证书，并将CA证书安装到客户端主机上(如果使用自签名，则可能需要手动完成此操作，但对于流行的公共CA，它已经存在了)。
接下来，确保java密钥存储库包含所有CA证书。在Debian/Ubuntu上，通过运行:
update-ca-certificates -f
chmod 644 /etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts
最后，更新连接字符串以包含所有必需的选项，这在Debian/Ubuntu上有点像(根据需要进行调整):
jdbc:mysql://{mysql_server}/confluence?useSSL=true&sslMode=VERIFY_IDENTITY&trustCertificateKeyStoreUrl=file%3A%2Fetc%2Fssl%2Fcerts%2Fjava%2Fcacerts&trustCertificateKeyStorePassword=changeit&enabledTLSProtocols=TLSv1.2&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
参考:https://beansandanicechianti.blogspot.com/2019/11/mysql-ssl-configuration.html
从8.0.13开始，useSSL参数现在已弃用，你应该使用sslMode:
MySQL:: MySQL Connector/J 8.0 Developer Guide:: 6.3.5 Security
sslMode
By default, network connections are SSL encrypted; this property
permits secure connections to be turned off, or a different levels of
security to be chosen. The following values are allowed: "DISABLED" -
Establish unencrypted connections; "PREFERRED" - (default) Establish
encrypted connections if the server enabled them, otherwise fall back
to unencrypted connections; "REQUIRED" - Establish secure connections
if the server enabled them, fail otherwise; "VERIFY_CA" - Like
"REQUIRED" but additionally verify the server TLS certificate against
the configured Certificate Authority (CA) certificates;
"VERIFY_IDENTITY" - Like "VERIFY_CA", but additionally verify that the
server certificate matches the host to which the connection is
attempted.
This property replaced the deprecated legacy properties "useSSL",
"requireSSL", and "verifyServerCertificate", which are still accepted
but translated into a value for "sslMode" if "sslMode" is not
explicitly set: "useSSL=false" is translated to "sslMode=DISABLED";
Unknown macro: {"useSSL=true", "requireSSL=false",
"verifyServerCertificate=false"} is translated to "sslMode=PREFERRED";
Unknown macro: {"useSSL=true", "requireSSL=true",
"verifyServerCertificate=false"} is translated to "sslMode=REQUIRED";
Unknown macro: {"useSSL=true" AND "verifyServerCertificate=true"} is
translated to "sslMode=VERIFY_CA". There is no equivalent legacy
settings for "sslMode=VERIFY_IDENTITY". Note that, for ALL server
versions, the default setting of "sslMode" is "PREFERRED", and it is
equivalent to the legacy settings of "useSSL=true",
"requireSSL=false", and "verifyServerCertificate=false", which are
different from their default settings for Connector/J 8.0.12 and
earlier in some situations. Applications that continue to use the
legacy properties and rely on their old default settings should be
reviewed.
The legacy properties are ignored if "sslMode" is set explicitly. If
none of "sslMode" or "useSSL" is set explicitly, the default setting
of "sslMode=PREFERRED" applies.
Default Value PREFERRED Since Version 8.0.13