我认为它们的相同之处在于:它们都可以改变函数的this值。它们的区别是:绑定函数将返回一个新函数作为结果;call和apply方法将立即执行函数，但apply可以接受数组作为参数，并且它将解析分离的数组。绑定函数也可以是curiling。

简单来说，所有方法都用于在常规函数中显式地设置上下文(this)

Call: Call调用给定上下文的函数，并允许一个一个地传递参数

Apply: Apply在给定上下文调用函数，并允许将参数作为数组传递

Bind: Bind通过设置提供的上下文返回一个新函数，并允许逐个传递参数

注:

Call和Apply都是相似的，唯一不同的是它们期望参数的方式 上述方法不适用于箭头函数

想象一下，绑定是不可用的。 你可以简单地构建如下:

var someFunction=...
var objToBind=....

var bindHelper =  function (someFunction, objToBind) {
    return function() {
        someFunction.apply( objToBind, arguments );
    };  
}

bindHelper(arguments);

TL; diana:

简单地说，bind创建函数，调用和apply执行函数，而apply期望数组中的参数

完整的解释

假设有一个乘法函数

function multiplication(a,b){
console.log(a*b);
}

让我们使用bind创建一些标准函数

var multiby2 = multiplication.bind（this，2）;

现在multiby2(b)等于乘法(2,b);

multiby2(3); //6
multiby2(4); //8

如果我在bind中传递两个参数会怎样

var getSixAlways = multiplication.bind(this,3,2);

现在getSixAlways()等于乘法(3,2);

getSixAlways();//6

即使传递参数也返回6; getSixAlways (12);/ / 6

var magicMultiplication = multiplication.bind(this);

这将创建一个新的乘法函数并将其分配给magic乘法。

哦，不，我们将乘法功能隐藏到magic乘法中。

调用 magic乘法返回一个空函数b()

在执行过程中，它运行良好 magicMultiplication (6 5);/ / 30

打电话申请怎么样?

magicMultiplication.call(这3 2);/ / 6

magicMultiplication.apply(这一点,[5,2]);/ / 10

当您希望稍后在特定上下文中调用该函数(在事件中很有用)时，请使用.bind()。当您希望立即调用函数并修改上下文时，请使用.call()或.apply()。

Call/apply立即调用该函数，而bind返回的函数在稍后执行时将具有用于调用原始函数的正确上下文设置。这样你就可以在异步回调和事件中维护上下文。

我经常这样做:

function MyObject(element) {
    this.elm = element;

    element.addEventListener('click', this.onClick.bind(this), false);
};

MyObject.prototype.onClick = function(e) {
     var t=this;  //do something with [t]...
    //without bind the context of this function wouldn't be a MyObject
    //instance as you would normally expect.
};

我在Node.js中广泛使用它，用于我想要传递成员方法的异步回调，但仍然希望上下文是启动异步操作的实例。

bind的简单实现如下所示:

Function.prototype.bind = function(ctx) {
    var fn = this;
    return function() {
        fn.apply(ctx, arguments);
    };
};

还有更多关于它的内容(比如传递其他参数)，但您可以阅读更多关于它的内容，并查看MDN上的实际实现。

这里有一篇很好的文章来说明bind()、apply()和call()之间的区别，总结如下。

bind() allows us to easily set which specific object will be bound to this when a function or method is invoked. // This data variable is a global variable​ var data = [ {name:"Samantha", age:12}, {name:"Alexis", age:14} ] var user = { // local data variable​ data :[ {name:"T. Woods", age:37}, {name:"P. Mickelson", age:43} ], showData:function (event) { var randomNum = ((Math.random () * 2 | 0) + 1) - 1; // random number between 0 and 1​ console.log (this.data[randomNum].name + " " + this.data[randomNum].age); } } // Assign the showData method of the user object to a variable​ var showDataVar = user.showData; showDataVar (); // Samantha 12 (from the global data array, not from the local data array)​ /* This happens because showDataVar () is executed as a global function and use of this inside showDataVar () is bound to the global scope, which is the window object in browsers. */ // Bind the showData method to the user object​ var showDataVar = user.showData.bind (user); // Now the we get the value from the user object because the this keyword is bound to the user object​ showDataVar (); // P. Mickelson 43​ bind() allow us to borrow methods // Here we have a cars object that does not have a method to print its data to the console​ var cars = { data:[ {name:"Honda Accord", age:14}, {name:"Tesla Model S", age:2} ] } // We can borrow the showData () method from the user object we defined in the last example.​ // Here we bind the user.showData method to the cars object we just created.​ cars.showData = user.showData.bind (cars); cars.showData (); // Honda Accord 14​ One problem with this example is that we are adding a new method showData on the cars object and we might not want to do that just to borrow a method because the cars object might already have a property or method name showData. We don’t want to overwrite it accidentally. As we will see in our discussion of Apply and Call below, it is best to borrow a method using either the Apply or Call method. bind() allow us to curry a function Function Currying, also known as partial function application, is the use of a function (that accept one or more arguments) that returns a new function with some of the arguments already set. function greet (gender, age, name) { // if a male, use Mr., else use Ms.​ var salutation = gender === "male" ? "Mr. " : "Ms. "; if (age > 25) { return "Hello, " + salutation + name + "."; }else { return "Hey, " + name + "."; } } We can use bind() to curry this greet function // So we are passing null because we are not using the "this" keyword in our greet function. var greetAnAdultMale = greet.bind (null, "male", 45); greetAnAdultMale ("John Hartlove"); // "Hello, Mr. John Hartlove." var greetAYoungster = greet.bind (null, "", 16); greetAYoungster ("Alex"); // "Hey, Alex."​ greetAYoungster ("Emma Waterloo"); // "Hey, Emma Waterloo." apply() or call() to set this value The apply, call, and bind methods are all used to set the this value when invoking a method, and they do it in slightly different ways to allow use direct control and versatility in our JavaScript code. The apply and call methods are almost identical when setting the this value except that you pass the function parameters to apply () as an array, while you have to list the parameters individually to pass them to the call () method. Here is one example to use call or apply to set this in the callback function. // Define an object with some properties and a method​ // We will later pass the method as a callback function to another function​ var clientData = { id: 094545, fullName: "Not Set", // setUserName is a method on the clientData object​ setUserName: function (firstName, lastName) { // this refers to the fullName property in this object​ this.fullName = firstName + " " + lastName; } }; function getUserInput (firstName, lastName, callback, callbackObj) { // The use of the Apply method below will set the "this" value to callbackObj​ callback.apply (callbackObj, [firstName, lastName]); } // The clientData object will be used by the Apply method to set the "this" value​ getUserInput ("Barack", "Obama", clientData.setUserName, clientData); // the fullName property on the clientData was correctly set​ console.log (clientData.fullName); // Barack Obama Borrow functions with apply or call Borrow Array methods Let’s create an array-like object and borrow some array methods to operate on the our array-like object. // An array-like object: note the non-negative integers used as keys​ var anArrayLikeObj = {0:"Martin", 1:78, 2:67, 3:["Letta", "Marieta", "Pauline"], length:4 }; // Make a quick copy and save the results in a real array: // First parameter sets the "this" value​ var newArray = Array.prototype.slice.call (anArrayLikeObj, 0); console.log (newArray); // ["Martin", 78, 67, Array[3]]​ // Search for "Martin" in the array-like object​ console.log (Array.prototype.indexOf.call (anArrayLikeObj, "Martin") === -1 ? false : true); // true​ Another common case is that convert arguments to array as following // We do not define the function with any parameters, yet we can get all the arguments passed to it​ function doSomething () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call (arguments); console.log (args); } doSomething ("Water", "Salt", "Glue"); // ["Water", "Salt", "Glue"] Borrow other methods var gameController = { scores :[20, 34, 55, 46, 77], avgScore:null, players :[ {name:"Tommy", playerID:987, age:23}, {name:"Pau", playerID:87, age:33} ] } var appController = { scores :[900, 845, 809, 950], avgScore:null, avg :function () { var sumOfScores = this.scores.reduce (function (prev, cur, index, array) { return prev + cur; }); this.avgScore = sumOfScores / this.scores.length; } } // Note that we are using the apply () method, so the 2nd argument has to be an array​ appController.avg.apply (gameController); console.log (gameController.avgScore); // 46.4​ // appController.avgScore is still null; it was not updated, only gameController.avgScore was updated​ console.log (appController.avgScore); // null​ Use apply() to execute variable-arity function

的数学。Max是变量函数的一个例子，

// We can pass any number of arguments to the Math.max () method​
console.log (Math.max (23, 11, 34, 56)); // 56

但是如果我们有一个数字数组要传递给Math.max呢?我们不能这样做:

var allNumbers = [23, 11, 34, 56];
// We cannot pass an array of numbers to the the Math.max method like this​
console.log (Math.max (allNumbers)); // NaN

这就是apply()方法帮助我们执行可变函数的地方。与上述方法不同，我们必须使用apply()传递数字数组，如下所示:

var allNumbers = [23, 11, 34, 56];
// Using the apply () method, we can pass the array of numbers:
console.log (Math.max.apply (null, allNumbers)); // 56