唯一正确的解决方法:

MainActivity.java:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        MyApp.mainActivity = this;
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        ...
    }

MyApp.java:

public class MyApp extends Application implements LifecycleObserver {

    public static MainActivity mainActivity = null;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        ProcessLifecycleOwner.get().getLifecycle().addObserver(this);
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP)
    void onAppBackgrounded() {
        // app in background
        if (mainActivity != null) {
            ...
        }
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START)
    void onAppForegrounded() {
        // app in foreground
        if (mainActivity != null) {
            ...
        }
    }

}

我建议你仔细阅读这个页面:http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity.html

简而言之，你的活动在onStop()被调用后不再可见。

如果你打开开发人员设置“不要保留活动”-只检查创建的活动数量不够。您还必须检查isSaveInstanceState。我的自定义方法isApplicationRunning()检查android应用程序是否正在运行:

下面是我的工作代码:

public class AppLifecycleService implements Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks {
    private int created;
    private boolean isSaveInstanceState;
    private static AppLifecycleService instance;

    private final static String TAG = AppLifecycleService.class.getName();

    public static AppLifecycleService getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new AppLifecycleService();
        }
        return instance;
    }

    public static boolean isApplicationRunning() {
        boolean isApplicationRunning = true;
        if (getCountCreatedActvities() == 0 && !isSaveInstanceState()) {
            isApplicationRunning = false;
        }
        return isApplicationRunning;
    }

    public static boolean isSaveInstanceState() {
        return AppLifecycleService.getInstance().isSaveInstanceState;
    }

    public static int getCountCreatedActvities() {
        return AppLifecycleService.getInstance().created;
    }

    private AppLifecycleService() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle outState) {
        this.isSaveInstanceState = true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        ++created;
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {
        --created;
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity) {   }

    @Override
    public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) { }


    @Override
    public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity) { }

    @Override
    public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) { }        

}

你可以使用ComponentCallbacks2来检测应用程序是否在后台。顺便说一下，这个回调只在API级别14(冰淇淋三明治)及以上可用。

你会得到一个方法的调用:

onTrimMemory (int级)

如果级别是ComponentCallbacks2。TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN则应用程序处于后台。

您可以将此接口实现到活动、服务等。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements ComponentCallbacks2 {
   @Override
   public void onConfigurationChanged(final Configuration newConfig) {

   }

   @Override
   public void onLowMemory() {

   }

   @Override
   public void onTrimMemory(final int level) {
     if (level == ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN) {
        // app is in background
     }
   }
}

没有任何解决方案适合我，但我提出了一个原始的解决方案。这应该有用。如果isAppBackground返回false，那么app必须在前台。

public static boolean isAppBackground(Context context){
        boolean isBackground=true;
        ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
        if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT_WATCH){
            List<ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo> runningProcesses =activityManager.getRunningAppProcesses();
            for(ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo processInfo:runningProcesses){
                if(processInfo.importance==ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND){
                    for(String activeProcess:processInfo.pkgList){
                        if(activeProcess.equals(context.getPackageName())){
                            isBackground = false;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }else{
            List<ActivityManager.RunningTaskInfo> taskInfo = activityManager.getRunningTasks(1);
            if(taskInfo.size()>0) {
                ComponentName componentName = taskInfo.get(0).topActivity;
                if(componentName.getPackageName().equals(context.getPackageName())){
                    isBackground = false;
                }
            }
        }
        return isBackground;
    }

您应该使用共享首选项来存储属性，并使用来自活动的服务绑定对其进行操作。如果你只使用绑定(也就是从不使用startService)，那么你的服务将只在你绑定它时运行，(绑定onResume和取消绑定onPause)，这将使它只在前台运行，如果你确实想在后台工作，你可以使用常规的启动停止服务。