我正在阅读有关AsyncTask的文章,并尝试了下面的简单程序。但这似乎并不奏效。我该怎么做呢?

public class AsyncTaskActivity extends Activity {

    Button btn;

    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        btn.setOnClickListener((OnClickListener) this);
    }

    public void onClick(View view){
        new LongOperation().execute("");
    }

    private class LongOperation extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {
        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
            for(int i=0;i<5;i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            TextView txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.output);
            txt.setText("Executed");
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
        }

        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Void... values) {
        }
    }
}

我只是试图在后台进程中5秒后更改标签。

这是我的main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
              android:layout_width="fill_parent"
              android:layout_height="fill_parent"
              android:orientation="vertical" >
    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progressBar"
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:indeterminate="false"
        android:max="10"
        android:padding="10dip">
    </ProgressBar>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Start Progress" >
    </Button>
    <TextView android:id="@+id/output"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Replace"/>
</LinearLayout>

当前回答

AsyncTask:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

 private String ApiUrl="your_api";

   @Override
   protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
     MyTask myTask=new MyTask();
     try {
         String result=myTask.execute(ApiUrl).get();
         Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),result,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     } catch (ExecutionException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
     }

  }


   public class MyTask extends AsyncTask<String,Void,String>{


    @Override
    protected String doInBackground(String... strings) {
        String result="";
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection=null;
        URL url;

        try {
            url=new URL(strings[0]);
            httpURLConnection=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            InputStream inputStream=httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
            InputStreamReader reader=new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
            result=getData(reader);
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }

    public String getData(InputStreamReader reader) throws IOException{
        String result="";
        int data=reader.read();
        while (data!=-1){
            char now=(char) data;
            result+=data;
            data=reader.read();
        }
        return result;
    }
  }
}

其他回答

好的,您正在尝试通过另一个线程访问GUI。总的来说,这不是一种好的做法。

AsyncTask在另一个线程中执行doInBackground()中的所有内容,该线程不能访问视图所在的GUI。

preExecute()和postExecute()提供了在这个新线程中发生重大操作之前和之后访问GUI的权限,甚至可以将长时间操作的结果传递给postExecute(),然后显示处理的任何结果。

看到这些行,你稍后更新你的TextView:

TextView txt = findViewById(R.id.output);
txt.setText("Executed");

把它们放在onPostExecute()中。

然后你会看到你的TextView文本更新后,doInBackground完成。

我注意到你的onClick监听器没有检查哪个视图已被选中。我发现最简单的方法是通过switch语句。我有一个完整的类编辑下面所有的建议,以避免混乱。

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.Settings.System;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

public class AsyncTaskActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

    Button btn;
    AsyncTask<?, ?, ?> runningTask;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        btn = findViewById(R.id.button1);

        // Because we implement OnClickListener, we only
        // have to pass "this" (much easier)
        btn.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        // Detect the view that was "clicked"
        switch (view.getId()) {
        case R.id.button1:
            if (runningTask != null)
                runningTask.cancel(true);
            runningTask = new LongOperation();
            runningTask.execute();
            break;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        // Cancel running task(s) to avoid memory leaks
        if (runningTask != null)
            runningTask.cancel(true);
    }

    private final class LongOperation extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> {

        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // We were cancelled; stop sleeping!
                }
            }
            return "Executed";
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
            TextView txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.output);
            txt.setText("Executed"); // txt.setText(result);
            // You might want to change "executed" for the returned string
            // passed into onPostExecute(), but that is up to you
        }
    }
}

这里的概念和代码

我已经创建了一个简单的例子使用AsyncTask的Android。它从onPreExecute(), doInBackground(), publishProgress()开始,最后是onProgressUpdate()。

在这种情况下,doInBackground()作为后台线程工作,而其他线程在UI线程中工作。你不能访问doInBackground()中的UI元素。顺序和我之前提到的一样。

然而,如果你需要从doInBackground更新任何小部件,你可以从doInBackground发布进度,它会调用onProgressUpdate来更新你的UI小部件。

class TestAsync extends AsyncTask<Void, Integer, String> {
    String TAG = getClass().getSimpleName();

    protected void onPreExecute() {
        super.onPreExecute();
        Log.d(TAG + " PreExceute","On pre Exceute......");
    }

    protected String doInBackground(Void...arg0) {
        Log.d(TAG + " DoINBackGround", "On doInBackground...");

        for (int i=0; i<10; i++){
            Integer in = new Integer(i);
            publishProgress(i);
        }
        return "You are at PostExecute";
    }

    protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer...a) {
        super.onProgressUpdate(a);
        Log.d(TAG + " onProgressUpdate", "You are in progress update ... " + a[0]);
    }

    protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
        super.onPostExecute(result);
        Log.d(TAG + " onPostExecute", "" + result);
    }
}

在你的活动中这样称呼它:

new TestAsync().execute();

开发人员参考资料

当一个异步任务执行时,该任务经过四个步骤:

onPreExecute () doInBackground (Params…) onProgressUpdate(进步…) onPostExecute(结果)

下面是一个演示示例:

private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask<URL, Integer, Long> {

    protected Long doInBackground(URL... urls) {
        int count = urls.length;
        long totalSize = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            totalSize += Downloader.downloadFile(urls[i]);
            publishProgress((int) ((i / (float) count) * 100));

            // Escape early if cancel() is called
            if (isCancelled())
                break;
        }
        return totalSize;
    }

    protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
        setProgressPercent(progress[0]);
    }

    protected void onPostExecute(Long result) {
        showDialog("Downloaded " + result + " bytes");
    }
 }

一旦你创建了一个任务,执行起来非常简单:

new DownloadFilesTask().execute(url1, url2, url3);

带进度的AsyncTask示例示例

import android.animation.ObjectAnimator;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.animation.AccelerateDecelerateInterpolator;
import android.view.animation.DecelerateInterpolator;
import android.view.animation.LinearInterpolator;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class AsyncTaskActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    Button btn;
    ProgressBar progressBar;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        btn.setOnClickListener(this);
        progressBar = (ProgressBar)findViewById(R.id.pbar);
    }

    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.button1:
                new LongOperation().execute("");
                break;
        }
    }

    private class LongOperation extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {

        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
            Log.d("AsyncTask", "doInBackground");
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Log.d("AsyncTask", "task "+(i + 1));
                    publishProgress(i + 1);
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    Thread.interrupted();
                }
            }
            return "Completed";
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
            Log.d("AsyncTask", "onPostExecute");
            TextView txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.output);
            txt.setText(result);
            progressBar.setProgress(0);
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            Log.d("AsyncTask", "onPreExecute");
            TextView txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.output);
            txt.setText("onPreExecute");
            progressBar.setMax(500);
            progressBar.setProgress(0);
        }

        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
            Log.d("AsyncTask", "onProgressUpdate "+values[0]);
            TextView txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.output);
            txt.setText("onProgressUpdate "+values[0]);

            ObjectAnimator animation = ObjectAnimator.ofInt(progressBar, "progress", 100 * values[0]);
            animation.setDuration(1000);
            animation.setInterpolator(new LinearInterpolator());
            animation.start();
        }
    }
}
private class AsyncTaskDemo extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {

    @Override
    protected void onPreExecute() {
        super.onPreExecute();
        // Showing progress dialog
        progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(this);
        progressDialog.setMessage("Loading...");
        progressDialog.setCancelable(false);
        progressDialog.show();
    }

    @Override
    protected Void doInBackground(Void... arg0) {

        // Do code here

        return null;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Void result) {
        super.onPostExecute(result);
        // Dismiss the progress dialog
        if (progressDialog.isShowing()) {
            progressDialog.dismiss();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCancelled() {

        super.onCancelled();
        progressDialog.dismiss();
        Toast toast = Toast.makeText(
                          getActivity(),
                          "An error is occurred due to some problem",
                          Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
        toast.setGravity(Gravity.TOP, 25, 400);
        toast.show();
    }

}