当代码流是这样的:
if(check())
{
...
...
if(check())
{
...
...
if(check())
{
...
...
}
}
}
我通常看到这种方法可以避免上述混乱的代码流:
do {
if(!check()) break;
...
...
if(!check()) break;
...
...
if(!check()) break;
...
...
} while(0);
有什么更好的方法可以避免这种工作/黑客，从而使其成为更高级别(行业级别)的代码?
任何跳出盒子的建议都是欢迎的!
当前回答
如果对所有错误使用相同的错误处理程序，并且每一步返回一个bool值指示成功:
if(
DoSomething() &&
DoSomethingElse() &&
DoAThirdThing() )
{
// do good condition action
}
else
{
// handle error
}
(类似于tyzoid的回答，但条件是动作，&&防止在第一次失败后发生额外的动作。)
其他回答
在函数中隔离这些决策并使用返回而不是中断被认为是可以接受的实践。虽然所有这些检查都对应于与函数相同的抽象级别，但这是一种非常符合逻辑的方法。
例如:
void foo(...)
{
if (!condition)
{
return;
}
...
if (!other condition)
{
return;
}
...
if (!another condition)
{
return;
}
...
if (!yet another condition)
{
return;
}
...
// Some unconditional stuff
}
I'm adding an answer for the sake of completeness. A number of other answers pointed out that the large condition block could be split out into a separate function. But as was also pointed out a number of times is that this approach separates the conditional code from the original context. This is one reason that lambdas were added to the language in C++11. Using lambdas was suggested by others but no explicit sample was provided. I've put one in this answer. What strikes me is that it feels very similar to the do { } while(0) approach in many ways - and maybe that means it's still a goto in disguise....
earlier operations
...
[&]()->void {
if (!check()) return;
...
...
if (!check()) return;
...
...
if (!check()) return;
...
...
}();
later operations
使用异常。您的代码将看起来更加清晰(并且创建异常正是为了处理程序执行流中的错误)。有关清理资源(文件描述符，数据库连接等)，请阅读文章“为什么c++不提供一个“finally”结构?”
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept> // For exception, runtime_error, out_of_range
int main () {
try {
if (!condition)
throw std::runtime_error("nope.");
...
if (!other condition)
throw std::runtime_error("nope again.");
...
if (!another condition)
throw std::runtime_error("told you.");
...
if (!yet another condition)
throw std::runtime_error("OK, just forget it...");
}
catch (std::runtime_error &e) {
std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
}
catch (...) {
std::cout << "Caught an unknown exception\n";
}
return 0;
}
typedef bool (*Checker)();
Checker * checkers[]={
&checker0,&checker1,.....，&checkerN,NULL
};
bool checker1(){
if(condition){
.....
.....
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool checker2(){
if(condition){
.....
.....
return true;
}
return false;
}
......
void doCheck(){
Checker ** checker = checkers;
while( *checker && (*checker)())
checker++;
}
怎么样?
类似于dasblinkenlight的答案，但避免了if语句中的赋值，这可能会被代码评审员“修复”:
bool goOn = check0();
if (goOn) {
...
goOn = check1();
}
if (goOn) {
...
goOn = check2();
}
if (goOn) {
...
}
...
当一个步骤的结果需要在下一步之前检查时，我使用这种模式，这与所有检查都可以在前面用一个大if(check1() && check2()…类型的模式。
