我希望使我的代码更具可读性,以及使用工具,如IDE代码检查和/或静态代码分析(FindBugs和Sonar),以避免nullpointerexception。许多工具似乎与彼此的@NotNull/@NonNull/ @NonNull注释不兼容,在我的代码中列出所有这些工具会让人难以阅读。有没有什么建议,哪一个是“最好的”?下面是我找到的等价注释列表:

javax.validation.constraints.NotNull Created for runtime validation, not static analysis. documentation edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull Used by FindBugs (dead project) and its successor SpotBugs static analysis and therefore Sonar (now Sonarqube) FindBugs documentation, SpotBugs documentation javax.annotation.Nonnull This might work with FindBugs too, but JSR-305 is inactive. (See also: What is the status of JSR 305?) source org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull Used by IntelliJ IDEA IDE for static analysis. documentation lombok.NonNull Used to control code generation in Project Lombok. Placeholder annotation since there is no standard. source, documentation androidx.annotation.NonNull Marker annotation available in Android, provided by annotation package documentation org.eclipse.jdt.annotation.NonNull Used by Eclipse for static code analysis documentation


当前回答

安卓

这个答案是Android特有的。Android有一个支持包叫做support-annotations。它提供了几十个Android特定的注释,也提供了常见的注释,如NonNull, Nullable等。

要添加support-annotations包,在build.gradle中添加以下依赖项:

compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.1.1'

然后使用:

import android.support.annotation.NonNull;

void foobar(@NonNull Foo bar) {}

其他回答

One of the nice things about IntelliJ is that you don't need to use their annotations. You can write your own, or you can use those of whatever other tool you like. You're not even limited to a single type. If you're using two libraries that use different @NotNull annotations, you can tell IntelliJ to use both of them. To do this, go to "Configure Inspections", click on the "Constant Conditions & Exceptions" inspection, and hit the "Configure inspections" button. I use the Nullness Checker wherever I can, so I set up IntelliJ to use those annotations, but you can make it work with whatever other tool you want. (I have no opinion on the other tools because I've been using IntelliJ's inspections for years, and I love them.)

Eclipse也有自己的注释。

org.eclipse.jdt.annotation.NonNull

详情见http://wiki.eclipse.org/JDT_Core/Null_Analysis。

如果你正在为android开发,那么你在某种程度上与Eclipse(编辑:在撰写本文时,不再)有一定的联系,它有自己的注释。它包含在Eclipse 3.8+ (Juno)中,但默认禁用。

您可以在首选项> Java >编译器>错误/警告>空分析(底部可折叠部分)中启用它。

勾选“启用基于注释的空分析”

http://wiki.eclipse.org/JDT_Core/Null_Analysis#Usage有关于设置的建议。然而,如果你的工作空间中有外部项目(如facebook SDK),它们可能不满足这些建议,你可能不想在每次SDK更新时修复它们;-)

我使用:

空指针访问:错误 违反空规范:错误(链接到第1点) 潜在的空指针访问:警告(否则facebook SDK将有警告) 空注释和空推断之间的冲突:警告(链接到第3点)

在等待上游(Java 8?)整理这些注释时,您还可以定义自己的项目本地@NotNull和@Nullable注释。这在使用Java SE时也很有用,因为默认情况下javax.validation.constraints是不可用的。

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * Designates that a field, return value, argument, or variable is
 * guaranteed to be non-null.
 */
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE})
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
public @interface NotNull {}

/**
 * Designates that a field, return value, argument, or variable may be null.
 */
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE})
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
public @interface Nullable {}

不可否认,这主要是为了装饰或未来的目的,因为上面显然没有为这些注释的静态分析增加任何支持。

Another option is the annotations provided with ANTLR 4. Following Pull Request #434, the artifact containing the @NotNull and @Nullable annotations includes an annotation processor that produces compile-time errors and/or warnings in the event one of these attributes is misused (for example, if both are applied to the same item, or if @Nullable is applied to item with a primitive type). The annotation processor provides additional assurance during the software development process that the information conveyed by the application of these annotations is accurate, including in cases of method inheritance.