考虑一个包含名称的数据库表,其中有三行:

Peter
Paul
Mary

有没有一种简单的方法可以把它变成彼得、保罗、玛丽的一串?


当前回答

Oracle 11g Release 2支持LISTAGG功能。此处的文档。

COLUMN employees FORMAT A50

SELECT deptno, LISTAGG(ename, ',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ename) AS employees
FROM   emp
GROUP BY deptno;

    DEPTNO EMPLOYEES
---------- --------------------------------------------------
        10 CLARK,KING,MILLER
        20 ADAMS,FORD,JONES,SCOTT,SMITH
        30 ALLEN,BLAKE,JAMES,MARTIN,TURNER,WARD

3 rows selected.

警告

如果生成的字符串可能超过4000个字符,请小心执行此函数。它将抛出异常。如果是这种情况,那么您需要处理异常或滚动自己的函数,以防止连接的字符串超过4000个字符。

其他回答

使用递归查询,您可以执行以下操作:

-- Create example table
CREATE TABLE tmptable (NAME VARCHAR(30)) ;

-- Insert example data
INSERT INTO tmptable VALUES('PETER');
INSERT INTO tmptable VALUES('PAUL');
INSERT INTO tmptable VALUES('MARY');

-- Recurse query
with tblwithrank as (
select * , row_number() over(order by name) rang , count(*) over() NbRow
from tmptable
),
tmpRecursive as (
select *, cast(name as varchar(2000)) as AllName from tblwithrank  where rang=1
union all
select f0.*,  cast(f0.name + ',' + f1.AllName as varchar(2000)) as AllName 
from tblwithrank f0 inner join tmpRecursive f1 on f0.rang=f1.rang +1 
)
select AllName from tmpRecursive
where rang=NbRow

SQL Server中尚未通过XML data()命令显示的一个方法是:

假设一个名为NameList的表有一列名为FName,

SELECT FName + ', ' AS 'data()'
FROM NameList
FOR XML PATH('')

返回:

"Peter, Paul, Mary, "

只需处理额外的逗号。

正如@NReilingh的注释所采用的,您可以使用以下方法删除尾随逗号。假设表和列名相同:

STUFF(REPLACE((SELECT '#!' + LTRIM(RTRIM(FName)) AS 'data()' FROM NameList
FOR XML PATH('')),' #!',', '), 1, 2, '') as Brands

在SQL Server中实现这一点的一种方法是将表内容返回为XML(对于XML原始),将结果转换为字符串,然后用“,”替换标记。

使用“TABLE”类型非常容易。让我们假设您的表名为Students,并且它具有列名。

declare @rowsCount INT
declare @i INT = 1
declare @names varchar(max) = ''

DECLARE @MyTable TABLE
(
  Id int identity,
  Name varchar(500)
)
insert into @MyTable select name from Students
set @rowsCount = (select COUNT(Id) from @MyTable)

while @i < @rowsCount
begin
 set @names = @names + ', ' + (select name from @MyTable where Id = @i)
 set @i = @i + 1
end
select @names

此示例使用SQL Server 2008 R2进行了测试。

SQL Server 2005或更高版本

CREATE TABLE dbo.Students
(
    StudentId INT
    , Name VARCHAR(50)
    , CONSTRAINT PK_Students PRIMARY KEY (StudentId)
);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Subjects
(
    SubjectId INT
    , Name VARCHAR(50)
    , CONSTRAINT PK_Subjects PRIMARY KEY (SubjectId)
);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Schedules
(
    StudentId INT
    , SubjectId INT
    , CONSTRAINT PK__Schedule PRIMARY KEY (StudentId, SubjectId)
    , CONSTRAINT FK_Schedule_Students FOREIGN KEY (StudentId) REFERENCES dbo.Students (StudentId)
    , CONSTRAINT FK_Schedule_Subjects FOREIGN KEY (SubjectId) REFERENCES dbo.Subjects (SubjectId)
);

INSERT dbo.Students (StudentId, Name) VALUES
    (1, 'Mary')
    , (2, 'John')
    , (3, 'Sam')
    , (4, 'Alaina')
    , (5, 'Edward')
;

INSERT dbo.Subjects (SubjectId, Name) VALUES
    (1, 'Physics')
    , (2, 'Geography')
    , (3, 'French')
    , (4, 'Gymnastics')
;

INSERT dbo.Schedules (StudentId, SubjectId) VALUES
    (1, 1)        --Mary, Physics
    , (2, 1)    --John, Physics
    , (3, 1)    --Sam, Physics
    , (4, 2)    --Alaina, Geography
    , (5, 2)    --Edward, Geography
;

SELECT
    sub.SubjectId
    , sub.Name AS [SubjectName]
    , ISNULL( x.Students, '') AS Students
FROM
    dbo.Subjects sub
    OUTER APPLY
    (
        SELECT
            CASE ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY stu.Name) WHEN 1 THEN '' ELSE ', ' END
            + stu.Name
        FROM
            dbo.Students stu
            INNER JOIN dbo.Schedules sch
                ON stu.StudentId = sch.StudentId
        WHERE
            sch.SubjectId = sub.SubjectId
        ORDER BY
            stu.Name
        FOR XML PATH('')
    ) x (Students)
;