我试图写一个应用程序，做一些具体的时候，它被带回前台后一段时间。是否有一种方法可以检测应用程序是被发送到后台还是被带到前台?
当前回答
我在谷歌Analytics EasyTracker中使用了这个，它起作用了。可以将其扩展为使用简单整数来完成您想要的任务。
public class MainApplication extends Application {
int isAppBackgrounded = 0;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
appBackgroundedDetector();
}
private void appBackgroundedDetector() {
registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new ActivityLifecycleCallbacks() {
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle bundle) {
}
@Override
public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity) {
EasyTracker.getInstance(MainApplication.this).activityStart(activity);
}
@Override
public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity) {
isAppBackgrounded++;
if (isAppBackgrounded > 0) {
// Do something here
}
}
@Override
public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) {
isAppBackgrounded--;
}
@Override
public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {
EasyTracker.getInstance(MainApplication.this).activityStop(activity);
}
@Override
public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle bundle) {
}
@Override
public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {
}
});
}
}
其他回答
编辑2:我在下面写的东西实际上是行不通的。谷歌拒绝了一个包含对ActivityManager.getRunningTasks()调用的应用程序。从文档中可以明显看出，这个API仅用于调试和开发。一旦我有时间更新下面的GitHub项目，我就会更新这篇文章，使用一个使用计时器的新方案，几乎一样好。
编辑1:我已经写了一篇博客文章，并创建了一个简单的GitHub存储库，使这非常容易。
公认的和最高评价的答案都不是最好的方法。排名最高的答案是isApplicationBroughtToBackground()的实现，它不处理应用程序的主活动屈服于同一个应用程序中定义的活动，但它有不同的Java包的情况。我想到了一种方法，在这种情况下行得通。
在onPause()中调用它，它会告诉你你的应用程序是否因为另一个应用程序已经启动而进入后台，或者用户已经按下了home键。
public static boolean isApplicationBroughtToBackground(final Activity activity) {
ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
List<ActivityManager.RunningTaskInfo> tasks = activityManager.getRunningTasks(1);
// Check the top Activity against the list of Activities contained in the Application's package.
if (!tasks.isEmpty()) {
ComponentName topActivity = tasks.get(0).topActivity;
try {
PackageInfo pi = activity.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(activity.getPackageName(), PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);
for (ActivityInfo activityInfo : pi.activities) {
if(topActivity.getClassName().equals(activityInfo.name)) {
return false;
}
}
} catch( PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
return false; // Never happens.
}
}
return true;
}
我在谷歌Analytics EasyTracker中使用了这个，它起作用了。可以将其扩展为使用简单整数来完成您想要的任务。
public class MainApplication extends Application {
int isAppBackgrounded = 0;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
appBackgroundedDetector();
}
private void appBackgroundedDetector() {
registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new ActivityLifecycleCallbacks() {
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle bundle) {
}
@Override
public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity) {
EasyTracker.getInstance(MainApplication.this).activityStart(activity);
}
@Override
public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity) {
isAppBackgrounded++;
if (isAppBackgrounded > 0) {
// Do something here
}
}
@Override
public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) {
isAppBackgrounded--;
}
@Override
public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {
EasyTracker.getInstance(MainApplication.this).activityStop(activity);
}
@Override
public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle bundle) {
}
@Override
public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {
}
});
}
}
您可以在ActivityLifecycleCallbacks和ComponentCallbacks2的帮助下轻松实现这一点。
创建一个实现上述接口的类AppLifeCycleHandler。
package com.sample.app;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Application;
import android.content.ComponentCallbacks2;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.os.Bundle;
/**
* Created by Naveen on 17/04/18
*/
public class AppLifeCycleHandler
implements Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks, ComponentCallbacks2 {
AppLifeCycleCallback appLifeCycleCallback;
boolean appInForeground;
public AppLifeCycleHandler(AppLifeCycleCallback appLifeCycleCallback) {
this.appLifeCycleCallback = appLifeCycleCallback;
}
@Override
public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity) {
if (!appInForeground) {
appInForeground = true;
appLifeCycleCallback.onAppForeground();
}
}
@Override
public void onTrimMemory(int i) {
if (i == ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN) {
appInForeground = false;
appLifeCycleCallback.onAppBackground();
}
}
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle bundle) {
}
@Override
public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity) {
}
@Override
public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) {
}
@Override
public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {
}
@Override
public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle bundle) {
}
@Override
public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {
}
@Override
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration configuration) {
}
@Override
public void onLowMemory() {
}
interface AppLifeCycleCallback {
void onAppBackground();
void onAppForeground();
}
}
在你的类中，当应用程序在前台和后台之间切换时，应用程序实现AppLifeCycleCallback来获得回调。如下图所示。
public class BaseApplication extends Application implements AppLifeCycleHandler.AppLifeCycleCallback{
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
AppLifeCycleHandler appLifeCycleHandler = new AppLifeCycleHandler(this);
registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(appLifeCycleHandler);
registerComponentCallbacks(appLifeCycleHandler);
}
@Override
public void onAppBackground() {
Log.d("LifecycleEvent", "onAppBackground");
}
@Override
public void onAppForeground() {
Log.d("LifecycleEvent", "onAppForeground");
}
}
希望这能有所帮助。
编辑 作为替代方案，您现在可以使用生命周期感知的体系结构组件。
我发现了一个很好的方法来检测应用程序是否进入前台或后台。 这是我的代码。 希望这对你有帮助。
/**
* Custom Application which can detect application state of whether it enter
* background or enter foreground.
*
* @reference http://www.vardhan-justlikethat.blogspot.sg/2014/02/android-solution-to-detect-when-android.html
*/
public abstract class StatusApplication extends Application implements ActivityLifecycleCallbacks {
public static final int STATE_UNKNOWN = 0x00;
public static final int STATE_CREATED = 0x01;
public static final int STATE_STARTED = 0x02;
public static final int STATE_RESUMED = 0x03;
public static final int STATE_PAUSED = 0x04;
public static final int STATE_STOPPED = 0x05;
public static final int STATE_DESTROYED = 0x06;
private static final int FLAG_STATE_FOREGROUND = -1;
private static final int FLAG_STATE_BACKGROUND = -2;
private int mCurrentState = STATE_UNKNOWN;
private int mStateFlag = FLAG_STATE_BACKGROUND;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
mCurrentState = STATE_UNKNOWN;
registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(this);
}
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// mCurrentState = STATE_CREATED;
}
@Override
public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity) {
if (mCurrentState == STATE_UNKNOWN || mCurrentState == STATE_STOPPED) {
if (mStateFlag == FLAG_STATE_BACKGROUND) {
applicationWillEnterForeground();
mStateFlag = FLAG_STATE_FOREGROUND;
}
}
mCurrentState = STATE_STARTED;
}
@Override
public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity) {
mCurrentState = STATE_RESUMED;
}
@Override
public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) {
mCurrentState = STATE_PAUSED;
}
@Override
public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {
mCurrentState = STATE_STOPPED;
}
@Override
public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle outState) {
}
@Override
public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {
mCurrentState = STATE_DESTROYED;
}
@Override
public void onTrimMemory(int level) {
super.onTrimMemory(level);
if (mCurrentState == STATE_STOPPED && level >= TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN) {
if (mStateFlag == FLAG_STATE_FOREGROUND) {
applicationDidEnterBackground();
mStateFlag = FLAG_STATE_BACKGROUND;
}
}else if (mCurrentState == STATE_DESTROYED && level >= TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN) {
if (mStateFlag == FLAG_STATE_FOREGROUND) {
applicationDidDestroyed();
mStateFlag = FLAG_STATE_BACKGROUND;
}
}
}
/**
* The method be called when the application been destroyed. But when the
* device screen off,this method will not invoked.
*/
protected abstract void applicationDidDestroyed();
/**
* The method be called when the application enter background. But when the
* device screen off,this method will not invoked.
*/
protected abstract void applicationDidEnterBackground();
/**
* The method be called when the application enter foreground.
*/
protected abstract void applicationWillEnterForeground();
}
这里有一个解决方案，通过使用deboning逻辑，确保我们不会得到连续的背景/前景事件。所以，它总是反映一种稳定的背景/前景状态。
import androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle
import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleEventObserver
import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner
import java.util.Timer
import java.util.TimerTask
/**
* An observer class to listen on the app's lifecycle.
*/
class AppLifecycleObserver(
private val onAppGoesToBackground: () -> Unit = {},
private val onAppEntersForeground: () -> Unit = {}
) : LifecycleEventObserver {
private val debounce = DebouncingTimer(timeout = 10)
override fun onStateChanged(source: LifecycleOwner, event: Lifecycle.Event) {
debounce.refresh {
when (event.targetState) {
Lifecycle.State.CREATED -> onAppGoesToBackground()
Lifecycle.State.RESUMED -> onAppEntersForeground()
else -> Unit
}
}
}
fun attach() {
ProcessLifecycleOwner.get().lifecycle.addObserver(this)
}
fun detach() {
ProcessLifecycleOwner.get().lifecycle.removeObserver(this)
}
private class DebouncingTimer(private val timeout: Long) {
private var timer: Timer? = null
fun refresh(job: () -> Unit) {
timer?.cancel()
timer = Timer()
timer?.schedule(object : TimerTask() {
override fun run() = job.invoke()
}, timeout)
}
}
}
只需要创建一个AppLifecycleObserver实例:
private val appLifecycleObserver = AppLifecycleObserver(
onAppGoesToBackground = { // do whatever... },
onAppEntersForeground = { // do whatever... }
)
// Attach the observer when it is needed:
appLifecycleObserver.attach()
// Remove when there is no need to it:
appLifecycleObserver.detach()
不要忘记添加一个合适的依赖版本:
implementation("androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-process:$lifecycle_version")
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