onPause()和onResume()方法在应用程序被带到后台并再次进入前台时被调用。但是，在应用程序第一次启动时和关闭之前也会调用它们。你可以在活动中阅读更多。

没有任何直接的方法来获得应用程序的状态，而在后台或前台，但即使我已经面临这个问题，并找到解决方案与onWindowFocusChanged和onStop。

更多细节请查看这里Android:解决方案检测当一个Android应用程序去后台，回到前台没有getRunningTasks或getRunningAppProcesses。

我知道有点晚了，但我认为所有这些答案都有一些问题，而我这样做了，这是完美的。

创建一个活动生命周期回调，如下所示:

 class ActivityLifeCycle implements ActivityLifecycleCallbacks{

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity) {

    }

    Activity lastActivity;
    @Override
    public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity) {
        //if (null == lastActivity || (activity != null && activity == lastActivity)) //use this condition instead if you want to be informed also when  app has been killed or started for the first time
        if (activity != null && activity == lastActivity) 
        {
            Toast.makeText(MyApp.this, "NOW!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }

        lastActivity = activity;
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) {

    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {

    }

    @Override
    public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle outState) {

    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {

    }
}

然后像下面这样在你的应用类上注册它:

public class MyApp extends Application {

@Override
public void onCreate() {
    super.onCreate();
    registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new ActivityLifeCycle());
}

编辑2:我在下面写的东西实际上是行不通的。谷歌拒绝了一个包含对ActivityManager.getRunningTasks()调用的应用程序。从文档中可以明显看出，这个API仅用于调试和开发。一旦我有时间更新下面的GitHub项目，我就会更新这篇文章，使用一个使用计时器的新方案，几乎一样好。

编辑1:我已经写了一篇博客文章，并创建了一个简单的GitHub存储库，使这非常容易。

公认的和最高评价的答案都不是最好的方法。排名最高的答案是isApplicationBroughtToBackground()的实现，它不处理应用程序的主活动屈服于同一个应用程序中定义的活动，但它有不同的Java包的情况。我想到了一种方法，在这种情况下行得通。

在onPause()中调用它，它会告诉你你的应用程序是否因为另一个应用程序已经启动而进入后台，或者用户已经按下了home键。

public static boolean isApplicationBroughtToBackground(final Activity activity) {
  ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
  List<ActivityManager.RunningTaskInfo> tasks = activityManager.getRunningTasks(1);

  // Check the top Activity against the list of Activities contained in the Application's package.
  if (!tasks.isEmpty()) {
    ComponentName topActivity = tasks.get(0).topActivity;
    try {
      PackageInfo pi = activity.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(activity.getPackageName(), PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);
      for (ActivityInfo activityInfo : pi.activities) {
        if(topActivity.getClassName().equals(activityInfo.name)) {
          return false;
        }
      }
    } catch( PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
      return false; // Never happens.
    }
  }
  return true;
}

您可以在ActivityLifecycleCallbacks和ComponentCallbacks2的帮助下轻松实现这一点。

创建一个实现上述接口的类AppLifeCycleHandler。

package com.sample.app;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Application;
import android.content.ComponentCallbacks2;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.os.Bundle;

/**
 * Created by Naveen on 17/04/18
 */
public class AppLifeCycleHandler
    implements Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks, ComponentCallbacks2 {

  AppLifeCycleCallback appLifeCycleCallback;

  boolean appInForeground;

  public AppLifeCycleHandler(AppLifeCycleCallback appLifeCycleCallback) {
    this.appLifeCycleCallback = appLifeCycleCallback;
  }

  @Override
  public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity) {
    if (!appInForeground) {
      appInForeground = true;
      appLifeCycleCallback.onAppForeground();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onTrimMemory(int i) {
    if (i == ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN) {
      appInForeground = false;
      appLifeCycleCallback.onAppBackground();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle bundle) {

  }

  @Override
  public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity) {

  }

  @Override
  public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) {

  }

  @Override
  public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {

  }

  @Override
  public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle bundle) {

  }

  @Override
  public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {

  }

  @Override
  public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration configuration) {

  }

  @Override
  public void onLowMemory() {

  }

  interface AppLifeCycleCallback {

    void onAppBackground();

    void onAppForeground();
  }
}

在你的类中，当应用程序在前台和后台之间切换时，应用程序实现AppLifeCycleCallback来获得回调。如下图所示。

public class BaseApplication extends Application implements AppLifeCycleHandler.AppLifeCycleCallback{

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        AppLifeCycleHandler appLifeCycleHandler = new AppLifeCycleHandler(this);
        registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(appLifeCycleHandler);
        registerComponentCallbacks(appLifeCycleHandler);
    }

    @Override
    public void onAppBackground() {
        Log.d("LifecycleEvent", "onAppBackground");
    }

    @Override
    public void onAppForeground() {
        Log.d("LifecycleEvent", "onAppForeground");
    }
}

希望这能有所帮助。

编辑 作为替代方案，您现在可以使用生命周期感知的体系结构组件。

The principal problem is that you have to get an specific behavior when you start an activity from background. If you override your onPause() and onResume() methods, you'll have a close answer, but not the solution. The problem is that onPause() and onResume() methods are called even if you don't minimize your application, they can be called when you start an activity and later you press the back button to return to your activity. To eliminate that problem and to know really when your application comes from background, you must to get the running process and compare with your process:

private boolean isApplicationBroughtToBackground() {
    ActivityManager am = (ActivityManager) getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
    List<RunningTaskInfo> tasks = am.getRunningTasks(1);
    if (!tasks.isEmpty()) {
        ComponentName topActivity = tasks.get(0).topActivity;
        if (!topActivity.getPackageName().equals(getPackageName())) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

现在你必须声明一个布尔变量:

public boolean wasPaused = false;

并询问你的活动何时进入后台:

@Override
public void onPause(){
    super.onPause();
    if(isApplicationBroughtToBackground())
        wasPaused = true;
}

现在，当你的活动再次出现在屏幕上时，在onResume()方法中询问:

@Override
public void onResume(){
    super.onResume();
    if(wasPaused){
        lockScreen(true);
    }
    wasPaused = false;
}

就是这样。现在，当您的活动进入后台，稍后用户将其带到前台时，锁定屏幕将出现。

如果你想为你的应用程序的任何活动重复这个行为，你必须创建一个活动(可以是BaseActivity)，放这个方法，你所有的活动都必须从BaseActivity继承。

我希望这对你有帮助。

问候!

您可以使用ProcessLifecycleOwner将生命周期观察者附加到它。

  public class ForegroundLifecycleObserver implements LifecycleObserver {

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)
    public void onAppCreated() {
        Timber.d("onAppCreated() called");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START)
    public void onAppStarted() {
        Timber.d("onAppStarted() called");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Event.ON_RESUME)
    public void onAppResumed() {
        Timber.d("onAppResumed() called");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Event.ON_PAUSE)
    public void onAppPaused() {
        Timber.d("onAppPaused() called");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Event.ON_STOP)
    public void onAppStopped() {
        Timber.d("onAppStopped() called");
    }
}

然后在你的Application类的onCreate()你调用这个:

ProcessLifecycleOwner.get().getLifecycle().addObserver(new ForegroundLifecycleObserver());

有了它，你将能够捕捉应用程序在后台运行时发生的ON_PAUSE和ON_STOP事件。