我们所有使用关系数据库的人都知道(或正在学习)SQL是不同的。获得期望的结果,并有效地这样做,涉及到一个乏味的过程,其部分特征是学习不熟悉的范例,并发现一些我们最熟悉的编程模式在这里不起作用。常见的反模式是什么?
当前回答
SELECT FirstName + ' ' + LastName as "Full Name", case UserRole when 2 then "Admin" when 1 then "Moderator" else "User" end as "User's Role", case SignedIn when 0 then "Logged in" else "Logged out" end as "User signed in?", Convert(varchar(100), LastSignOn, 101) as "Last Sign On", DateDiff('d', LastSignOn, getDate()) as "Days since last sign on", AddrLine1 + ' ' + AddrLine2 + ' ' + AddrLine3 + ' ' + City + ', ' + State + ' ' + Zip as "Address", 'XXX-XX-' + Substring(Convert(varchar(9), SSN), 6, 4) as "Social Security #" FROM Users
或者,把所有内容都塞进一行。
其他回答
The Altered View - A view that is altered too often and without notice or reason. The change will either be noticed at the most inappropriate time or worse be wrong and never noticed. Maybe your application will break because someone thought of a better name for that column. As a rule views should extend the usefulness of base tables while maintaining a contract with consumers. Fix problems but don't add features or worse change behavior, for that create a new view. To mitigate do not share views with other projects and, use CTEs when platforms allow. If your shop has a DBA you probably can't change views but all your views will be outdated and or useless in that case. The !Paramed - Can a query have more than one purpose? Probably but the next person who reads it won't know until deep meditation. Even if you don't need them right now chances are you will, even if it's "just" to debug. Adding parameters lowers maintenance time and keep things DRY. If you have a where clause you should have parameters. The case for no CASE - SELECT CASE @problem WHEN 'Need to replace column A with this medium to large collection of strings hanging out in my code.' THEN 'Create a table for lookup and add to your from clause.' WHEN 'Scrubbing values in the result set based on some business rules.' THEN 'Fix the data in the database' WHEN 'Formating dates or numbers.' THEN 'Apply formating in the presentation layer.' WHEN 'Createing a cross tab' THEN 'Good, but in reporting you should probably be using cross tab, matrix or pivot templates' ELSE 'You probably found another case for no CASE but now I have to edit my code instead of enriching the data...' END
不必深入浅出:不使用准备好的语句。
select some_column, ...
from some_table
group by some_column
假设结果将按some_column排序。我在Sybase上看到过这种情况,其中假设成立(目前)。
我看到视图定义是这样的:
CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW PRICE (PART_NUMBER, PRICE_LIST, LIST_VERSION ...)
AS
SELECT sp.MKT_PART_NUMBER,
sp.PRICE_LIST,
sp.LIST_VERSION,
sp.MIN_PRICE,
sp.UNIT_PRICE,
sp.MAX_PRICE,
...
视图中大约有50个列。有些开发人员以不提供列别名而折磨他人为傲,因此必须计算两个位置的列偏移量,以便能够找出视图中对应的列。
反向观点:过度痴迷于正常化。
大多数SQL/ rbdb系统提供了许多非常有用的特性(事务、复制),即使对于非标准化的数据也是如此。磁盘空间很便宜,有时操作/过滤/搜索获取的数据比编写1NF模式更简单(更容易的代码,更快的开发时间),并处理其中的所有麻烦(复杂的连接,讨厌的子选择等)。
我发现过度标准化的系统通常是不成熟的优化,特别是在开发的早期阶段。
(再想想……http://writeonly.wordpress.com/2008/12/05/simple-object-db-using-json-and-python-sqlite/)
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