我知道pydispatcher,但是Python周围一定有其他与事件相关的包。

哪些库是可用的?

我对作为大型框架一部分的事件管理器不感兴趣,我宁愿使用可以轻松扩展的小型骨架解决方案。


当前回答

我在《宝贵的课程》上找到了这个小脚本。它似乎具有我所追求的简单性/功率比。Peter Thatcher是以下代码的作者(未提及许可)。

class Event:
    def __init__(self):
        self.handlers = set()

    def handle(self, handler):
        self.handlers.add(handler)
        return self

    def unhandle(self, handler):
        try:
            self.handlers.remove(handler)
        except:
            raise ValueError("Handler is not handling this event, so cannot unhandle it.")
        return self

    def fire(self, *args, **kargs):
        for handler in self.handlers:
            handler(*args, **kargs)

    def getHandlerCount(self):
        return len(self.handlers)

    __iadd__ = handle
    __isub__ = unhandle
    __call__ = fire
    __len__  = getHandlerCount

class MockFileWatcher:
    def __init__(self):
        self.fileChanged = Event()

    def watchFiles(self):
        source_path = "foo"
        self.fileChanged(source_path)

def log_file_change(source_path):
    print "%r changed." % (source_path,)

def log_file_change2(source_path):
    print "%r changed!" % (source_path,)

watcher              = MockFileWatcher()
watcher.fileChanged += log_file_change2
watcher.fileChanged += log_file_change
watcher.fileChanged -= log_file_change2
watcher.watchFiles()

其他回答

我使用zope.event。这是你能想象到的最简单的骨架。: -) 事实上,这里是完整的源代码:

subscribers = []

def notify(event):
    for subscriber in subscribers:
        subscriber(event)

例如,请注意不能在进程之间发送消息。它不是一个消息系统,只是一个事件系统,仅此而已。

下面是另一个需要考虑的模块。对于要求更高的应用程序,这似乎是一个可行的选择。

Py-notify is a Python package providing tools for implementing Observer programming pattern. These tools include signals, conditions and variables. Signals are lists of handlers that are called when signal is emitted. Conditions are basically boolean variables coupled with a signal that is emitted when condition state changes. They can be combined using standard logical operators (not, and, etc.) into compound conditions. Variables, unlike conditions, can hold any Python object, not just booleans, but they cannot be combined.

如果我在pyQt中做代码,我使用QT套接字/信号范式,django也是如此

如果我正在做异步I/O,我使用本机选择模块

如果我使用SAX python解析器,我使用SAX提供的事件API。所以看起来我是底层API的受害者:-)

也许你应该问问自己,你对事件框架/模块有什么期望。我个人倾向于使用qt中的Socket/Signal范例。更多关于这方面的信息可以在这里找到

我创建了一个EventManager类(代码在最后)。语法如下:

#Create an event with no listeners assigned to it
EventManager.addEvent( eventName = [] )

#Create an event with listeners assigned to it
EventManager.addEvent( eventName = [fun1, fun2,...] )

#Create any number event with listeners assigned to them
EventManager.addEvent( eventName1 = [e1fun1, e1fun2,...], eventName2 = [e2fun1, e2fun2,...], ... )

#Add or remove listener to an existing event
EventManager.eventName += extra_fun
EventManager.eventName -= removed_fun

#Delete an event
del EventManager.eventName

#Fire the event
EventManager.eventName()

下面是一个例子:

def hello(name):
    print "Hello {}".format(name)
    
def greetings(name):
    print "Greetings {}".format(name)

EventManager.addEvent( salute = [greetings] )
EventManager.salute += hello

print "\nInitial salute"
EventManager.salute('Oscar')

print "\nNow remove greetings"
EventManager.salute -= greetings
EventManager.salute('Oscar')

输出:

最初的敬礼 问候奥斯卡 你好奥斯卡 现在删除问候语 你好奥斯卡

事件经理代码:

class EventManager:
    
    class Event:
        def __init__(self,functions):
            if type(functions) is not list:
                raise ValueError("functions parameter has to be a list")
            self.functions = functions
            
        def __iadd__(self,func):
            self.functions.append(func)
            return self
            
        def __isub__(self,func):
            self.functions.remove(func)
            return self
            
        def __call__(self,*args,**kvargs):
            for func in self.functions : func(*args,**kvargs)
            
    @classmethod
    def addEvent(cls,**kvargs):
        """
        addEvent( event1 = [f1,f2,...], event2 = [g1,g2,...], ... )
        creates events using **kvargs to create any number of events. Each event recieves a list of functions,
        where every function in the list recieves the same parameters.
        
        Example:
        
        def hello(): print "Hello ",
        def world(): print "World"
        
        EventManager.addEvent( salute = [hello] )
        EventManager.salute += world
        
        EventManager.salute()
        
        Output:
        Hello World
        """
        for key in kvargs.keys():
            if type(kvargs[key]) is not list:
                raise ValueError("value has to be a list")
            else:
                kvargs[key] = cls.Event(kvargs[key])
        
        cls.__dict__.update(kvargs)

另一个方便的包是事件。它将核心封装到事件订阅和事件触发,感觉像是语言的“自然”部分。它似乎类似于c#语言,后者提供了一种方便的方式来声明、订阅和触发事件。从技术上讲,事件是一个“槽”,可以将回调函数(事件处理程序)附加到其中—称为订阅事件的过程。

# Define a callback function
def something_changed(reason):
    print "something changed because %s" % reason

# Use events module to create an event and register one or more callback functions
from events import Events
events = Events()
events.on_change += something_changed

触发事件时,将按顺序调用所有附加的事件处理程序。要触发该事件,请对槽位执行调用:

events.on_change('it had to happen')

这将输出:

'something changed because it had to happen'

更多的文档可以在github repo或文档中找到。