使用一个心智模型确实帮助我理解了这一点，而不是所有的解释和文章，这些都不能“理解”。

想象一下，你的孩子桌子上有一个玻璃盘子，他开始玩它。现在，你害怕它会破裂。所以，你给了他一个塑料盘子。这将是一个Mock(相同的行为，相同的接口，“更软的”实现)。

现在，假设你没有塑料替代品，所以你解释说“如果你继续玩它，它会碎的!”这是一个Stub，您预先提供了一个预定义的状态。

哑巴就是他根本不用的叉子…间谍可能是提供你已经使用过的有效解释。

Stubs vs. Mocks Stubs provide specific answers to methods calls ex: myStubbedService.getValues() just return a String needed by the code under test used by code under test to isolate it cannot fail test ex: myStubbedService.getValues() just returns the stubbed value often implement abstract methods Mocks "superset" of stubs; can assert that certain methods are called ex: verify that myMockedService.getValues() is called only once used to test behaviour of code under test can fail test ex: verify that myMockedService.getValues() was called once; verification fails, because myMockedService.getValues() was not called by my tested code often mocks interfaces

使用一个心智模型确实帮助我理解了这一点，而不是所有的解释和文章，这些都不能“理解”。

想象一下，你的孩子桌子上有一个玻璃盘子，他开始玩它。现在，你害怕它会破裂。所以，你给了他一个塑料盘子。这将是一个Mock(相同的行为，相同的接口，“更软的”实现)。

现在，假设你没有塑料替代品，所以你解释说“如果你继续玩它，它会碎的!”这是一个Stub，您预先提供了一个预定义的状态。

哑巴就是他根本不用的叉子…间谍可能是提供你已经使用过的有效解释。

存根是向SUT返回值的测试double。

模拟是测试用于验证SUT正确调用依赖项的双重测试。

而且，mock通常是存根

下面是对每一个的描述，然后是真实世界的样本。

Dummy - just bogus values to satisfy the API. Example: If you're testing a method of a class which requires many mandatory parameters in a constructor which have no effect on your test, then you may create dummy objects for the purpose of creating new instances of a class. Fake - create a test implementation of a class which may have a dependency on some external infrastructure. (It's good practice that your unit test does NOT actually interact with external infrastructure.) Example: Create fake implementation for accessing a database, replace it with in-memory collection. Stub - override methods to return hard-coded values, also referred to as state-based. Example: Your test class depends on a method Calculate() taking 5 minutes to complete. Rather than wait for 5 minutes you can replace its real implementation with stub that returns hard-coded values; taking only a small fraction of the time. Mock - very similar to Stub but interaction-based rather than state-based. This means you don't expect from Mock to return some value, but to assume that specific order of method calls are made. Example: You're testing a user registration class. After calling Save, it should call SendConfirmationEmail.

存根和Mock实际上是Mock的子类型，两者都交换了实际实现和测试实现，但出于不同的、特定的原因。

在codeschool.com的课程《Rails僵尸测试》中，他们给出了这些术语的定义:

Stub

用于将方法替换为返回指定结果的代码。

Mock

带有调用方法的断言的存根。

因此，正如Sean Copenhaver在他的回答中所描述的那样，不同之处在于mock设置了期望(即做出断言，关于是否或如何调用它们)。