我想在sql 2008上写一个查询,它将报告所有有权访问特定数据库的用户,或数据库中的对象,如表,视图和存储过程,直接或由于角色等。该报告将用于安全审计目的。不确定是否有人有一个查询,将完全满足我的需求,但希望能给我一个好的开始。无论是sql 2008, 2005或2000将做,我可以根据需要转换。
当前回答
上面的GetPermissions存储过程很好,但是它使用Sp_msforeachdb,这意味着如果您的SQL实例有任何数据库名称,其中包括空格或虚线和其他非最佳实践字符,它将中断。我创建了一个避免使用Sp_msforeachdb的版本,它还包括两个列,分别表示1(如果登录是系统管理员登录(IsSysAdminLogin))和2(如果登录是孤儿用户(IsEmptyRow))。
USE [master] ;
GO
IF EXISTS
(
SELECT * FROM sys.objects
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'dbo.uspGetPermissionsOfAllLogins_DBsOnColumns')
AND [type] in (N'P',N'PC')
)
BEGIN
DROP PROCEDURE dbo.uspGetPermissionsOfAllLogins_DBsOnColumns ;
END
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.uspGetPermissionsOfAllLogins_DBsOnColumns
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
;
BEGIN TRY
IF EXISTS
(
SELECT * FROM tempdb.dbo.sysobjects
WHERE id = object_id(N'[tempdb].dbo.[#permission]')
)
DROP TABLE #permission
;
IF EXISTS
(
SELECT * FROM tempdb.dbo.sysobjects
WHERE id = object_id(N'[tempdb].dbo.[#userroles_kk]')
)
DROP TABLE #userroles_kk
;
IF EXISTS
(
SELECT * FROM tempdb.dbo.sysobjects
WHERE id = object_id(N'[tempdb].dbo.[#rolemember_kk]')
)
DROP TABLE #rolemember_kk
;
IF EXISTS
(
SELECT * FROM tempdb.dbo.sysobjects
WHERE id = object_id(N'[tempdb].dbo.[##db_name]')
)
DROP TABLE ##db_name
;
DECLARE
@db_name VARCHAR(255)
,@sql_text VARCHAR(MAX)
;
SET @sql_text =
'CREATE TABLE ##db_name
(
LoginUserName VARCHAR(MAX)
,'
;
DECLARE cursDBs CURSOR FOR
SELECT [name]
FROM sys.databases
ORDER BY [name]
;
OPEN cursDBs
;
FETCH NEXT FROM cursDBs INTO @db_name
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @sql_text =
@sql_text + QUOTENAME(@db_name) + ' VARCHAR(MAX)
,'
FETCH NEXT FROM cursDBs INTO @db_name
END
CLOSE cursDBs
;
SET @sql_text =
@sql_text + 'IsSysAdminLogin CHAR(1)
,IsEmptyRow CHAR(1)
)'
--PRINT @sql_text
EXEC (@sql_text)
;
DEALLOCATE cursDBs
;
DECLARE
@RoleName VARCHAR(255)
,@UserName VARCHAR(255)
;
CREATE TABLE #permission
(
LoginUserName VARCHAR(255)
,databasename VARCHAR(255)
,[role] VARCHAR(255)
)
;
DECLARE cursSysSrvPrinName CURSOR FOR
SELECT [name]
FROM sys.server_principals
WHERE
[type] IN ( 'S', 'U', 'G' )
AND principal_id > 4
AND [name] NOT LIKE '##%'
ORDER BY [name]
;
OPEN cursSysSrvPrinName
;
FETCH NEXT FROM cursSysSrvPrinName INTO @UserName
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE #userroles_kk
(
databasename VARCHAR(255)
,[role] VARCHAR(255)
)
;
CREATE TABLE #rolemember_kk
(
dbrole VARCHAR(255)
,membername VARCHAR(255)
,membersid VARBINARY(2048)
)
;
DECLARE cursDatabases CURSOR FAST_FORWARD LOCAL FOR
SELECT [name]
FROM sys.databases
ORDER BY [name]
;
OPEN cursDatabases
;
DECLARE
@DBN VARCHAR(255)
,@sqlText NVARCHAR(4000)
;
FETCH NEXT FROM cursDatabases INTO @DBN
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @sqlText =
N'USE ' + QUOTENAME(@DBN) + ';
TRUNCATE TABLE #RoleMember_kk
INSERT INTO #RoleMember_kk
EXEC sp_helprolemember
INSERT INTO #UserRoles_kk
(DatabaseName,[Role])
SELECT db_name(),dbRole
FROM #RoleMember_kk
WHERE MemberName = ''' + @UserName + '''
'
--PRINT @sqlText ;
EXEC sp_executesql @sqlText ;
FETCH NEXT FROM cursDatabases INTO @DBN
END
CLOSE cursDatabases
;
DEALLOCATE cursDatabases
;
INSERT INTO #permission
SELECT
@UserName 'user'
,b.name
,u.[role]
FROM
sys.sysdatabases b
LEFT JOIN
#userroles_kk u
ON QUOTENAME(u.databasename) = QUOTENAME(b.name)
ORDER BY 1
;
DROP TABLE #userroles_kk
;
DROP TABLE #rolemember_kk
;
FETCH NEXT FROM cursSysSrvPrinName INTO @UserName
END
CLOSE cursSysSrvPrinName
;
DEALLOCATE cursSysSrvPrinName
;
TRUNCATE TABLE ##db_name
;
DECLARE
@d1 VARCHAR(MAX)
,@d2 VARCHAR(MAX)
,@d3 VARCHAR(MAX)
,@ss VARCHAR(MAX)
;
DECLARE cursPermisTable CURSOR FOR
SELECT * FROM #permission
ORDER BY 2 DESC
;
OPEN cursPermisTable
;
FETCH NEXT FROM cursPermisTable INTO @d1,@d2,@d3
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
IF NOT EXISTS
(
SELECT 1 FROM ##db_name WHERE LoginUserName = @d1
)
BEGIN
SET @ss =
'INSERT INTO ##db_name(LoginUserName) VALUES (''' + @d1 + ''')'
EXEC (@ss)
;
SET @ss =
'UPDATE ##db_name SET ' + @d2 + ' = ''' + @d3 + ''' WHERE LoginUserName = ''' + @d1 + ''''
EXEC (@ss)
;
END
ELSE
BEGIN
DECLARE
@var NVARCHAR(MAX)
,@ParmDefinition NVARCHAR(MAX)
,@var1 NVARCHAR(MAX)
;
SET @var =
N'SELECT @var1 = ' + QUOTENAME(@d2) + ' FROM ##db_name WHERE LoginUserName = ''' + @d1 + ''''
;
SET @ParmDefinition =
N'@var1 NVARCHAR(600) OUTPUT '
;
EXECUTE Sp_executesql @var,@ParmDefinition,@var1 = @var1 OUTPUT
;
SET @var1 =
ISNULL(@var1, ' ')
;
SET @var =
' UPDATE ##db_name SET ' + @d2 + '=''' + @var1 + ' ' + @d3 + ''' WHERE LoginUserName = ''' + @d1 + ''' '
;
EXEC (@var)
;
END
FETCH NEXT FROM cursPermisTable INTO @d1,@d2,@d3
END
CLOSE cursPermisTable
;
DEALLOCATE cursPermisTable
;
UPDATE ##db_name SET
IsSysAdminLogin = 'Y'
FROM
##db_name TT
INNER JOIN
dbo.syslogins SL
ON TT.LoginUserName = SL.[name]
WHERE
SL.sysadmin = 1
;
DECLARE cursDNamesAsColumns CURSOR FAST_FORWARD LOCAL FOR
SELECT [name]
FROM tempdb.sys.columns
WHERE
OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##db_name')
AND [name] NOT IN ('LoginUserName','IsEmptyRow')
ORDER BY [name]
;
OPEN cursDNamesAsColumns
;
DECLARE
@ColN VARCHAR(255)
,@tSQLText NVARCHAR(4000)
;
FETCH NEXT FROM cursDNamesAsColumns INTO @ColN
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @tSQLText =
N'UPDATE ##db_name SET
IsEmptyRow = ''N''
WHERE IsEmptyRow IS NULL
AND ' + QUOTENAME(@ColN) + ' IS NOT NULL
;
'
--PRINT @tSQLText ;
EXEC sp_executesql @tSQLText ;
FETCH NEXT FROM cursDNamesAsColumns INTO @ColN
END
CLOSE cursDNamesAsColumns
;
DEALLOCATE cursDNamesAsColumns
;
UPDATE ##db_name SET
IsEmptyRow = 'Y'
WHERE IsEmptyRow IS NULL
;
UPDATE ##db_name SET
IsSysAdminLogin = 'N'
FROM
##db_name TT
INNER JOIN
dbo.syslogins SL
ON TT.LoginUserName = SL.[name]
WHERE
SL.sysadmin = 0
;
SELECT * FROM ##db_name
;
DROP TABLE ##db_name
;
DROP TABLE #permission
;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
DECLARE
@cursDBs_Status INT
,@cursSysSrvPrinName_Status INT
,@cursDatabases_Status INT
,@cursPermisTable_Status INT
,@cursDNamesAsColumns_Status INT
;
SELECT
@cursDBs_Status = CURSOR_STATUS('GLOBAL','cursDBs')
,@cursSysSrvPrinName_Status = CURSOR_STATUS('GLOBAL','cursSysSrvPrinName')
,@cursDatabases_Status = CURSOR_STATUS('GLOBAL','cursDatabases')
,@cursPermisTable_Status = CURSOR_STATUS('GLOBAL','cursPermisTable')
,@cursDNamesAsColumns_Status = CURSOR_STATUS('GLOBAL','cursPermisTable')
;
IF @cursDBs_Status > -2
BEGIN
CLOSE cursDBs ;
DEALLOCATE cursDBs ;
END
IF @cursSysSrvPrinName_Status > -2
BEGIN
CLOSE cursSysSrvPrinName ;
DEALLOCATE cursSysSrvPrinName ;
END
IF @cursDatabases_Status > -2
BEGIN
CLOSE cursDatabases ;
DEALLOCATE cursDatabases ;
END
IF @cursPermisTable_Status > -2
BEGIN
CLOSE cursPermisTable ;
DEALLOCATE cursPermisTable ;
END
IF @cursDNamesAsColumns_Status > -2
BEGIN
CLOSE cursDNamesAsColumns ;
DEALLOCATE cursDNamesAsColumns ;
END
SELECT ErrorNum = ERROR_NUMBER(),ErrorMsg = ERROR_MESSAGE() ;
END CATCH
GO
/*
EXEC [master].dbo.uspGetPermissionsOfAllLogins_DBsOnColumns ;
*/
其他回答
一个简单的查询,只显示你是否是系统管理员:
IF IS_SRVROLEMEMBER ('sysadmin') = 1
print 'Current user''s login is a member of the sysadmin role'
ELSE IF IS_SRVROLEMEMBER ('sysadmin') = 0
print 'Current user''s login is NOT a member of the sysadmin role'
ELSE IF IS_SRVROLEMEMBER ('sysadmin') IS NULL
print 'ERROR: The server role specified is not valid.';
我尝试了几乎所有这些功能,但很快就注意到缺少一些功能,尤其是系统管理员用户。在我们即将进行的审计中,有这样一个洞会很不好看,所以我想出了这个
USE master
GO
SELECT DISTINCT
p.name AS [loginname] ,
--p.type,
p.type_desc ,
p.is_disabled,
s.sysadmin,
sp.permission_name
FROM sys.server_principals p
INNER JOIN sys.syslogins s ON p.sid = s.sid
INNER JOIN sys.server_permissions sp ON p.principal_id = sp.grantee_principal_id
WHERE p.type_desc IN ('SQL_LOGIN', 'WINDOWS_LOGIN', 'WINDOWS_GROUP')
-- Logins that are not process logins
AND p.name NOT LIKE '##%'
ORDER BY p.name
GO
从SQL Server 2005开始,您可以使用系统视图来实现这一点。例如,这个查询列出了数据库中的所有用户及其权限:
select princ.name
, princ.type_desc
, perm.permission_name
, perm.state_desc
, perm.class_desc
, object_name(perm.major_id)
from sys.database_principals princ
left join
sys.database_permissions perm
on perm.grantee_principal_id = princ.principal_id
请注意,用户也可以通过角色拥有权限。例如,db_data_reader角色授予对大多数对象的选择权限。
如果你想检查访问数据库的特定登录已经使用这个简单的脚本如下所示:
sys。sp_helpogins @LoginNamePattern = '域\登录'——sysname
很棒的脚本Jeremy和贡献者!谢谢!
我有很多用户,所以为所有用户运行这个程序简直是一场噩梦。我不能添加评论,所以我发布了整个脚本的变化。我添加了一个变量+ where子句,这样我就可以搜索用户名中匹配最多5个字符的任何内容(或当留空时所有用户)。没什么特别的,但我认为在某些用例中会有帮助。
DECLARE @p_userName NVARCHAR(5) = 'UName' -- Specify up to five characters here (or none for all users)
/*
Security Audit Report
1) List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group directly
2) List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group through a database or application role
3) List all access provisioned to the public role
Columns Returned:
UserName : SQL or Windows/Active Directory user cccount. This could also be an Active Directory group.
UserType : Value will be either 'SQL User' or 'Windows User'. This reflects the type of user defined for the SQL Server user account.
DatabaseUserName: Name of the associated user as defined in the database user account. The database user may not be the same as the server user.
Role : The role name. This will be null if the associated permissions to the object are defined at directly on the user account, otherwise this will be the name of the role that the user is a member of.
PermissionType : Type of permissions the user/role has on an object. Examples could include CONNECT, EXECUTE, SELECT, DELETE, INSERT, ALTER, CONTROL, TAKE OWNERSHIP, VIEW DEFINITION, etc. This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission definitions.
PermissionState : Reflects the state of the permission type, examples could include GRANT, DENY, etc. This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission definitions.
ObjectType : Type of object the user/role is assigned permissions on. Examples could include USER_TABLE, SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION, SQL_INLINE_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION, SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE, VIEW, etc. This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission definitions.
ObjectName : Name of the object that the user/role is assigned permissions on. This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission definitions.
ColumnName : Name of the column of the object that the user/role is assigned permissions on. This value is only populated if the object is a table, view or a table value function.
*/
DECLARE @userName NVARCHAR(4) = @p_UserName + '%'
--List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group directly
SELECT
[UserName] = CASE princ.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN princ.[name]
WHEN 'U' THEN ulogin.[name] COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AI
END,
[UserType] = CASE princ.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN 'SQL User'
WHEN 'U' THEN 'Windows User'
END,
[DatabaseUserName] = princ.[name],
[Role] = null,
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = obj.type_desc,--perm.[class_desc],
[ObjectName] = OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--database user
sys.database_principals princ
LEFT JOIN
--Login accounts
sys.login_token ulogin on princ.[sid] = ulogin.[sid]
LEFT JOIN
--Permissions
sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = princ.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Table columns
sys.columns col ON col.[object_id] = perm.major_id
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
LEFT JOIN
sys.objects obj ON perm.[major_id] = obj.[object_id]
WHERE
princ.[type] in ('S','U')
AND princ.[name] LIKE @userName -- Added this line --CSLAGLE
UNION
--List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group through a database or application role
SELECT
[UserName] = CASE memberprinc.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN memberprinc.[name]
WHEN 'U' THEN ulogin.[name] COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AI
END,
[UserType] = CASE memberprinc.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN 'SQL User'
WHEN 'U' THEN 'Windows User'
END,
[DatabaseUserName] = memberprinc.[name],
[Role] = roleprinc.[name],
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = obj.type_desc,--perm.[class_desc],
[ObjectName] = OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Role/member associations
sys.database_role_members members
JOIN
--Roles
sys.database_principals roleprinc ON roleprinc.[principal_id] = members.[role_principal_id]
JOIN
--Role members (database users)
sys.database_principals memberprinc ON memberprinc.[principal_id] = members.[member_principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Login accounts
sys.login_token ulogin on memberprinc.[sid] = ulogin.[sid]
LEFT JOIN
--Permissions
sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Table columns
sys.columns col on col.[object_id] = perm.major_id
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
LEFT JOIN
sys.objects obj ON perm.[major_id] = obj.[object_id]
WHERE memberprinc.[name] LIKE @userName -- Added this line --CSLAGLE
UNION
--List all access provisioned to the public role, which everyone gets by default
SELECT
[UserName] = '{All Users}',
[UserType] = '{All Users}',
[DatabaseUserName] = '{All Users}',
[Role] = roleprinc.[name],
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = obj.type_desc,--perm.[class_desc],
[ObjectName] = OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Roles
sys.database_principals roleprinc
LEFT JOIN
--Role permissions
sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Table columns
sys.columns col on col.[object_id] = perm.major_id
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
JOIN
--All objects
sys.objects obj ON obj.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
WHERE
--Only roles
roleprinc.[type] = 'R' AND
--Only public role
roleprinc.[name] = 'public' AND
--Only objects of ours, not the MS objects
obj.is_ms_shipped = 0
ORDER BY
princ.[Name],
OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
col.[name],
perm.[permission_name],
perm.[state_desc],
obj.type_desc--perm.[class_desc]
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