使用 subprocess.call:

from subprocess import call

# Using list
call(["echo", "Hello", "world"])

# Single string argument varies across platforms so better split it
call("echo Hello world".split(" "))

import os
os.system("your command")

请注意,这是危险的,因为命令没有清理,我将其留给谷歌有关“骨”和“骨”模块的文档,有许多功能(exec*和spawn*)将做类似的事情。

>>> from subprocess import run
>>> from shlex import split
>>> completed_process = run(split('python --version'))
Python 3.8.8
>>> completed_process
CompletedProcess(args=['python', '--version'], returncode=0)

下面是最简单的使用的例子 - 它正如所要求的那样:

>>> from subprocess import run
>>> from shlex import split
>>> completed_process = run(split('python --version'))
Python 3.8.8
>>> completed_process
CompletedProcess(args=['python', '--version'], returncode=0)

>>> completed_process.args
['python', '--version']
>>> completed_process.returncode
0

如果您想捕获输出,您可以将 subprocess.PIPE 转移到适当的 stderr 或 stdout:

>>> from subprocess import PIPE
>>> completed_process = run(shlex.split('python --version'), stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
>>> completed_process.stdout
b'Python 3.8.8\n'
>>> completed_process.stderr
b''

相应的属性返回比特。

>>> import textwrap
>>> args = ['python', textwrap.__file__]
>>> cp = run(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
>>> cp.stdout
b'Hello there.\n  This is indented.\n'

下面是源头的真实签名,如助(run)所示:

输入可以是一个字符串(或单码,如果指定编码或 universal_newlines=True)将被带到子过程的stdin。

这个 check=true 的例子比我可以看到的更好:

波恩

def __init__(self, args, bufsize=-1, executable=None,
             stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None,
             preexec_fn=None, close_fds=True,
             shell=False, cwd=None, env=None, universal_newlines=None,
             startupinfo=None, creationflags=0,
             restore_signals=True, start_new_session=False,
             pass_fds=(), *, user=None, group=None, extra_groups=None,
             encoding=None, errors=None, text=None, umask=-1, pipesize=-1):

了解Popen的剩余文档将作为读者的练习留下来。

下面是我的两个百分点:在我看来,这是处理外部命令时最好的做法......

这些是执行方法的回报值......

pass, stdout, stderr = execute(["ls","-la"],"/home/user/desktop")

这是执行方法......

def execute(cmdArray,workingDir):

    stdout = ''
    stderr = ''

    try:
        try:
            process = subprocess.Popen(cmdArray,cwd=workingDir, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, bufsize=1)
        except OSError:
            return [False, '', 'ERROR : command(' + ' '.join(cmdArray) + ') could not get executed!']

        for line in iter(process.stdout.readline, b''):

            try:
                echoLine = line.decode("utf-8")
            except:
                echoLine = str(line)

            stdout += echoLine

        for line in iter(process.stderr.readline, b''):

            try:
                echoLine = line.decode("utf-8")
            except:
                echoLine = str(line)

            stderr += echoLine

    except (KeyboardInterrupt,SystemExit) as err:
        return [False,'',str(err)]

    process.stdout.close()

    returnCode = process.wait()
    if returnCode != 0 or stderr != '':
        return [False, stdout, stderr]
    else:
        return [True, stdout, stderr]

一个简单的方式是使用OS模块:

import os
os.system('ls')

否则,您还可以使用子过程模块:

import subprocess
subprocess.check_call('ls')

如果您希望结果存储在变量中,请尝试:

import subprocess
r = subprocess.check_output('ls')

典型的实施:

import subprocess

p = subprocess.Popen('ls', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
for line in p.stdout.readlines():
    print line,
retval = p.wait()

事实上,你可以简单地忽略这些参数(stdout=和stderr=)并将像os.system()一样行事。