在stats为空的情况下，可以在找到value key之前检查一个条件，

stats = {'a':1000, 'b':3000, 'c': 100}
max_key = None
if bool(stats):
   max_key = max(stats, key=stats.get)
print(max_key)

这可以首先检查字典是否为空，然后处理。

>>> b

下面是两种简单的方法从给定的字典中提取键的最大值

import time
stats = {
   "a" : 1000,
   "b" : 3000,
   "c" : 90,
   "d" : 74,
   "e" : 72,
 }

start_time = time.time_ns()
max_key = max(stats, key = stats.get)
print("Max Key [", max_key, "]Time taken (ns)", time.time_ns() - start_time)

start_time = time.time_ns()
max_key = max(stats, key=lambda key: stats[key])
print("Max Key with Lambda[", max_key, "]Time taken (ns)", time.time_ns() - start_time)

输出

Max Key [ b ] Time taken (ns) 3100
Max Key with Lambda [ b ] Time taken (ns) 1782

使用Lambda表达式的解决方案似乎对较小的输入执行得更好。

对于科学python用户，这里有一个使用Pandas的简单解决方案:

import pandas as pd
pd.Series({'a': 1000, 'b': 3000, 'c': 100}).idxmax()

>>> b

我测试了接受的答案和@thewolf的最快的解决方案，对一个非常基本的循环，循环比两者都快:

import time
import operator


d = {"a"+str(i): i for i in range(1000000)}

def t1(dct):
    mx = float("-inf")
    key = None
    for k,v in dct.items():
        if v > mx:
            mx = v
            key = k
    return key

def t2(dct):
    v=list(dct.values())
    k=list(dct.keys())
    return k[v.index(max(v))]

def t3(dct):
    return max(dct.items(),key=operator.itemgetter(1))[0]

start = time.time()
for i in range(25):
    m = t1(d)
end = time.time()
print ("Iterating: "+str(end-start))

start = time.time()
for i in range(25):
    m = t2(d)
end = time.time()
print ("List creating: "+str(end-start))

start = time.time()
for i in range(25):
    m = t3(d)
end = time.time()
print ("Accepted answer: "+str(end-start))

结果:

Iterating: 3.8201940059661865
List creating: 6.928712844848633
Accepted answer: 5.464320182800293

在stats为空的情况下，可以在找到value key之前检查一个条件，

stats = {'a':1000, 'b':3000, 'c': 100}
max_key = None
if bool(stats):
   max_key = max(stats, key=stats.get)
print(max_key)

这可以首先检查字典是否为空，然后处理。

>>> b

d = {'A': 4,'B':10}

min_v = min(zip(d.values(), d.keys()))
# min_v is (4,'A')

max_v = max(zip(d.values(), d.keys()))
# max_v is (10,'B')