在JS中获得真正隐私的唯一方法是通过作用域，因此不可能有一个属性是this的成员，只能在组件内部访问。在ES6中存储真正私有数据的最佳方法是使用WeakMap。

const privateProp1 = new WeakMap();
const privateProp2 = new WeakMap();

class SomeClass {
  constructor() {
    privateProp1.set(this, "I am Private1");
    privateProp2.set(this, "I am Private2");

    this.publicVar = "I am public";
    this.publicMethod = () => {
      console.log(privateProp1.get(this), privateProp2.get(this))
    };        
  }

  printPrivate() {
    console.log(privateProp1.get(this));
  }
}

显然，这可能是一个缓慢的，肯定是丑陋的，但它确实提供了隐私。

请记住，即使这样也不是完美的，因为Javascript是动态的。有人仍然可以这样做

var oldSet = WeakMap.prototype.set;
WeakMap.prototype.set = function(key, value){
    // Store 'this', 'key', and 'value'
    return oldSet.call(this, key, value);
};

为了在值被存储时捕获它们，所以如果你想格外小心的话，你需要捕获一个对.set和.get的本地引用来显式使用，而不是依赖于可覆盖的原型。

const {set: WMSet, get: WMGet} = WeakMap.prototype;

const privateProp1 = new WeakMap();
const privateProp2 = new WeakMap();

class SomeClass {
  constructor() {
    WMSet.call(privateProp1, this, "I am Private1");
    WMSet.call(privateProp2, this, "I am Private2");

    this.publicVar = "I am public";
    this.publicMethod = () => {
      console.log(WMGet.call(privateProp1, this), WMGet.call(privateProp2, this))
    };        
  }

  printPrivate() {
    console.log(WMGet.call(privateProp1, this));
  }
}

更新:看别人的回答，这个已经过时了。

简单的回答，不，ES6类不支持私有属性。

但是你可以模仿这种行为，不将新属性附加到对象，而是将它们保存在类构造函数中，并使用getter和setter来获取隐藏的属性。注意，在类的每个新实例上重新定义getter和setter。

ES6

class Person {
    constructor(name) {
        var _name = name
        this.setName = function(name) { _name = name; }
        this.getName = function() { return _name; }
    }
}

ES5

function Person(name) {
    var _name = name
    this.setName = function(name) { _name = name; }
    this.getName = function() { return _name; }
}

Yes totally can, and pretty easily too. This is done by exposing your private variables and functions by returning the prototype object graph in the constructor. This is nothing new, but take a bit of js foo to understand the elegance of it. This way does not use global scoped, or weakmaps. It is a form of reflection built into the language. Depending on how you leverage this; one can either force an exception which interrupts the call stack, or bury the exception as an undefined. This is demonstarted below, and can read more about these features here

class Clazz { constructor() { var _level = 1 function _private(x) { return _level * x; } return { level: _level, public: this.private, public2: function(x) { return _private(x); }, public3: function(x) { return _private(x) * this.public(x); }, }; } private(x) { return x * x; } } var clazz = new Clazz(); console.log(clazz._level); //undefined console.log(clazz._private); // undefined console.log(clazz.level); // 1 console.log(clazz.public(1)); //1 console.log(clazz.public2(2)); //2 console.log(clazz.public3(3)); //27 console.log(clazz.private(0)); //error

正如我们所知，ES6类不支持私有属性。

下面是我使用的方法(可能会有帮助)。基本上，我是在工厂内部包装一个类。

function Animal(name) {
    const privateData = 'NO experiments on animals have been done!';

    class Animal {
        constructor(_name) {
            this.name = _name;
        }
        getName() {
            return this.name
        }
        getDisclamer() {
            return `${privateData} Including ${this.name}`
        }
    }
    return new Animal(name)
}

我是一个初学者，所以很高兴听到这是一个坏的方法。

另一种方式类似于上两个帖子

class Example {
  constructor(foo) {

    // privates
    const self = this;
    this.foo = foo;

    // public interface
    return self.public;
  }

  public = {
    // empty data
    nodata: { data: [] },
    // noop
    noop: () => {},
  }

  // everything else private
  bar = 10
}

const test = new Example('FOO');
console.log(test.foo); // undefined
console.log(test.noop); // { data: [] }
console.log(test.bar); // undefined

WeakMap

IE11支持(符号不支持) hard-private(由于Object.getOwnPropertySymbols，使用符号的道具是soft-private) 看起来非常干净(不像闭包需要构造函数中的所有道具和方法)

首先，定义一个函数来包装WeakMap:

function Private() {
  const map = new WeakMap();
  return obj => {
    let props = map.get(obj);
    if (!props) {
      props = {};
      map.set(obj, props);
    }
    return props;
  };
}

然后，在类外部构造一个引用:

const p = new Private();

class Person {
  constructor(name, age) {
    this.name = name;
    p(this).age = age; // it's easy to set a private variable
  }

  getAge() {
    return p(this).age; // and get a private variable
  }
}

注意:IE11不支持class，但在示例中它看起来更简洁。