我有两本字典,但为了简化起见,我就选这两本:

>>> x = dict(a=1, b=2)
>>> y = dict(a=2, b=2)

现在,我想比较x中的每个键值对在y中是否有相同的对应值,所以我这样写:

>>> for x_values, y_values in zip(x.iteritems(), y.iteritems()):
        if x_values == y_values:
            print 'Ok', x_values, y_values
        else:
            print 'Not', x_values, y_values

它的工作原理是返回一个元组,然后比较是否相等。

我的问题:

这对吗?还有更好的办法吗?最好不是在速度上,我说的是代码优雅。

更新:我忘了提到,我必须检查有多少键,值对是相等的。


当前回答

现在简单的比较==就足够了(python 3.8)。即使当你以不同的顺序比较相同的字典(上一个例子)。最好的是,您不需要第三方包来完成此任务。

a = {'one': 'dog', 'two': 'cat', 'three': 'mouse'}
b = {'one': 'dog', 'two': 'cat', 'three': 'mouse'}

c = {'one': 'dog', 'two': 'cat', 'three': 'mouse'}
d = {'one': 'dog', 'two': 'cat', 'three': 'mouse', 'four': 'fish'}

e = {'one': 'cat', 'two': 'dog', 'three': 'mouse'}
f = {'one': 'dog', 'two': 'cat', 'three': 'mouse'}

g = {'two': 'cat', 'one': 'dog', 'three': 'mouse'}
h = {'one': 'dog', 'two': 'cat', 'three': 'mouse'}


print(a == b) # True
print(c == d) # False
print(e == f) # False
print(g == h) # True

其他回答

为什么不只是遍历一个字典,并在过程中检查另一个字典(假设两个字典都有相同的键)?

x = dict(a=1, b=2)
y = dict(a=2, b=2)

for key, val in x.items():
    if val == y[key]:
        print ('Ok', val, y[key])
    else:
        print ('Not', val, y[key])

输出:

Not 1 2
Ok 2 2

只使用:

assert cmp(dict1, dict2) == 0
def dict_compare(d1, d2):
    d1_keys = set(d1.keys())
    d2_keys = set(d2.keys())
    shared_keys = d1_keys.intersection(d2_keys)
    added = d1_keys - d2_keys
    removed = d2_keys - d1_keys
    modified = {o : (d1[o], d2[o]) for o in shared_keys if d1[o] != d2[o]}
    same = set(o for o in shared_keys if d1[o] == d2[o])
    return added, removed, modified, same

x = dict(a=1, b=2)
y = dict(a=2, b=2)
added, removed, modified, same = dict_compare(x, y)

Code

def equal(a, b):
    type_a = type(a)
    type_b = type(b)
    
    if type_a != type_b:
        return False
    
    if isinstance(a, dict):
        if len(a) != len(b):
            return False
        for key in a:
            if key not in b:
                return False
            if not equal(a[key], b[key]):
                return False
        return True

    elif isinstance(a, list):
        if len(a) != len(b):
            return False
        while len(a):
            x = a.pop()
            index = indexof(x, b)
            if index == -1:
                return False
            del b[index]
        return True
        
    else:
        return a == b

def indexof(x, a):
    for i in range(len(a)):
        if equal(x, a[i]):
            return i
    return -1

Test

>>> a = {
    'number': 1,
    'list': ['one', 'two']
}
>>> b = {
    'list': ['two', 'one'],
    'number': 1
}
>>> equal(a, b)
True
>>> hash_1
{'a': 'foo', 'b': 'bar'}
>>> hash_2
{'a': 'foo', 'b': 'bar'}
>>> set_1 = set (hash_1.iteritems())
>>> set_1
set([('a', 'foo'), ('b', 'bar')])
>>> set_2 = set (hash_2.iteritems())
>>> set_2
set([('a', 'foo'), ('b', 'bar')])
>>> len (set_1.difference(set_2))
0
>>> if (len(set_1.difference(set_2)) | len(set_2.difference(set_1))) == False:
...    print "The two hashes match."
...
The two hashes match.
>>> hash_2['c'] = 'baz'
>>> hash_2
{'a': 'foo', 'c': 'baz', 'b': 'bar'}
>>> if (len(set_1.difference(set_2)) | len(set_2.difference(set_1))) == False:
...     print "The two hashes match."
...
>>>
>>> hash_2.pop('c')
'baz'

这是另一个选择:

>>> id(hash_1)
140640738806240
>>> id(hash_2)
140640738994848

所以你可以看到这两个id是不同的。但是丰富的比较操作符似乎可以做到这一点:

>>> hash_1 == hash_2
True
>>>
>>> hash_2
{'a': 'foo', 'b': 'bar'}
>>> set_2 = set (hash_2.iteritems())
>>> if (len(set_1.difference(set_2)) | len(set_2.difference(set_1))) == False:
...     print "The two hashes match."
...
The two hashes match.
>>>