有时,我需要在放弃之前将一个操作重试几次。我的代码是:

int retries = 3;
while(true) {
  try {
    DoSomething();
    break; // success!
  } catch {
    if(--retries == 0) throw;
    else Thread.Sleep(1000);
  }
}

我想在一个通用的重试函数中重写这个:

TryThreeTimes(DoSomething);

这在c#中可行吗?TryThreeTimes()方法的代码是什么?


当前回答

这可能是个坏主意。首先,这是一句格言的象征:“疯狂的定义是做同一件事两次,每次都期待不同的结果”。其次,这种编码模式本身不能很好地组合。例如:

假设您的网络硬件层在失败时重发一个数据包三次,在两次失败之间等待一秒钟。

现在假设软件层在包失败时重发关于失败的通知三次。

现在假设通知层在通知传递失败时重新激活通知三次。

现在假设错误报告层在通知失败时重新激活通知层三次。

现在假设web服务器在错误失败时重新激活错误报告三次。

现在假设web客户端在从服务器得到错误后重新发送请求三次。

现在假设网络交换机上用来将通知路由到管理员的线路被拔掉。web客户端的用户什么时候最终得到错误消息?我大约12分钟后到。

以免您认为这只是一个愚蠢的例子:我们已经在客户代码中看到了这个错误,尽管比我在这里描述的要严重得多。在特定的客户代码中,错误条件发生和最终报告给用户之间的间隔是几个星期,因为有很多层自动重试并等待。想象一下,如果是十次而不是三次,会发生什么。

通常正确的处理错误的方法是立即报告它,让用户决定怎么做。如果用户想要创建自动重试的策略,让他们在软件抽象的适当级别上创建该策略。

其他回答

我需要一个支持取消的方法,在此过程中,我添加了返回中间故障的支持。

public static class ThreadUtils
{
    public static RetryResult Retry(
        Action target,
        CancellationToken cancellationToken,
        int timeout = 5000,
        int retries = 0)
    {
        CheckRetryParameters(timeout, retries)
        var failures = new List<Exception>();
        while(!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            try
            {
                target();
                return new RetryResult(failures);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                failures.Add(ex);
            }

            if (retries > 0)
            {
                retries--;
                if (retries == 0)
                {
                    throw new AggregateException(
                     "Retry limit reached, see InnerExceptions for details.",
                     failures);
                }
            }

            if (cancellationToken.WaitHandle.WaitOne(timeout))
            {
                break;
            }
        }

        failures.Add(new OperationCancelledException(
            "The Retry Operation was cancelled."));
        throw new AggregateException("Retry was cancelled.", failures);
    }

    private static void CheckRetryParameters(int timeout, int retries)
    {
        if (timeout < 1)
        {
            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(...
        }

        if (retries < 0)
        {
            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(...

        }
    }

    public class RetryResult : IEnumerable<Exception>
    {
        private readonly IEnumerable<Exception> failureExceptions;
        private readonly int failureCount;

         protected internal RetryResult(
             ICollection<Exception> failureExceptions)
         {
             this.failureExceptions = failureExceptions;
             this.failureCount = failureExceptions.Count;
         }
    }

    public int FailureCount
    {
        get { return this.failureCount; }
    }

    public IEnumerator<Exception> GetEnumerator()
    {
        return this.failureExceptions.GetEnumerator();
    }

    System.Collections.IEnumerator 
        System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return this.GetEnumerator();
    }
}

您可以像这样使用重试功能,重试3次,延迟10秒,但不会取消。

try
{
    var result = ThreadUtils.Retry(
        SomeAction, 
        CancellationToken.None,
        10000,
        3);

    // it worked
    result.FailureCount // but failed this many times first.
}
catch (AggregationException ex)
{
   // oops, 3 retries wasn't enough.
}

或者,除非取消,否则每隔5秒永远重试一次。

try
{
    var result = ThreadUtils.Retry(
        SomeAction, 
        someTokenSource.Token);

    // it worked
    result.FailureCount // but failed this many times first.
}
catch (AggregationException ex)
{
   // operation was cancelled before success.
}

正如您可以猜到的那样,在我的源代码中,我重载了Retry函数,以支持我希望使用的不同委托类型。

对于那些既想对任何异常进行重试,又想显式设置异常类型的人,可以使用以下方法:

public class RetryManager 
{
    public void Do(Action action, 
                    TimeSpan interval, 
                    int retries = 3)
    {
        Try<object, Exception>(() => {
            action();
            return null;
        }, interval, retries);
    }

    public T Do<T>(Func<T> action, 
                    TimeSpan interval, 
                    int retries = 3)
    {
        return Try<T, Exception>(
              action
            , interval
            , retries);
    }

    public T Do<E, T>(Func<T> action, 
                       TimeSpan interval, 
                       int retries = 3) where E : Exception
    {
        return Try<T, E>(
              action
            , interval
            , retries);
    }

    public void Do<E>(Action action, 
                       TimeSpan interval, 
                       int retries = 3) where E : Exception
    {
        Try<object, E>(() => {
            action();
            return null;
        }, interval, retries);
    }

    private T Try<T, E>(Func<T> action, 
                       TimeSpan interval, 
                       int retries = 3) where E : Exception
    {
        var exceptions = new List<E>();

        for (int retry = 0; retry < retries; retry++)
        {
            try
            {
                if (retry > 0)
                    Thread.Sleep(interval);
                return action();
            }
            catch (E ex)
            {
                exceptions.Add(ex);
            }
        }

        throw new AggregateException(exceptions);
    }
}

允许函数和重试消息

public static T RetryMethod<T>(Func<T> method, int numRetries, int retryTimeout, Action onFailureAction)
{
 Guard.IsNotNull(method, "method");            
 T retval = default(T);
 do
 {
   try
   {
     retval = method();
     return retval;
   }
   catch
   {
     onFailureAction();
      if (numRetries <= 0) throw; // improved to avoid silent failure
      Thread.Sleep(retryTimeout);
   }
} while (numRetries-- > 0);
  return retval;
}

以最新的方式实现了LBushkin的答案:

    public static async Task Do(Func<Task> task, TimeSpan retryInterval, int maxAttemptCount = 3)
    {
        var exceptions = new List<Exception>();
        for (int attempted = 0; attempted < maxAttemptCount; attempted++)
        {
            try
            {
                if (attempted > 0)
                {
                    await Task.Delay(retryInterval);
                }

                await task();
                return;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                exceptions.Add(ex);
            }
        }
        throw new AggregateException(exceptions);
    }

    public static async Task<T> Do<T>(Func<Task<T>> task, TimeSpan retryInterval, int maxAttemptCount = 3)
    {
        var exceptions = new List<Exception>();
        for (int attempted = 0; attempted < maxAttemptCount; attempted++)
        {
            try
            {
                if (attempted > 0)
                {
                    await Task.Delay(retryInterval);
                }
                return await task();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                exceptions.Add(ex);
            }
        }
        throw new AggregateException(exceptions);
    }  

要使用它:

await Retry.Do([TaskFunction], retryInterval, retryAttempts);

而函数[TaskFunction]可以是Task<T>,也可以只是Task。

您还可以考虑添加要重试的异常类型。例如,这是您想要重试的超时异常吗?数据库异常?

RetryForExcpetionType(DoSomething, typeof(TimeoutException), 5, 1000);

public static void RetryForExcpetionType(Action action, Type retryOnExceptionType, int numRetries, int retryTimeout)
{
    if (action == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException("action");
    if (retryOnExceptionType == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException("retryOnExceptionType");
    while (true)
    {
        try
        {
            action();
            return;
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            if (--numRetries <= 0 || !retryOnExceptionType.IsAssignableFrom(e.GetType()))
                throw;

            if (retryTimeout > 0)
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(retryTimeout);
        }
    }
}

您可能还注意到,所有其他示例在测试retries == 0时都存在类似的问题,要么重试无穷大,要么在给定负值时无法引发异常。Sleep(-1000)在上面的catch块中也会失败。这取决于你期望人们有多“愚蠢”,但防御性编程永远不会伤害到你。