当一个像素在所有3个颜色通道(RGB)中的值相同时，该像素将始终处于灰度格式。

将RGB图像转换为灰度的一个简单而直观的方法是通过取每个像素中所有颜色通道的平均值并将值分配回该像素。

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image

img=np.array(Image.open('sample.jpg')) #Input - Color image
gray_img=img.copy()

for clr in range(img.shape[2]):
    gray_img[:,:,clr]=img.mean(axis=2) #Take mean of all 3 color channels of each pixel and assign it back to that pixel(in copied image)

#plt.imshow(gray_img) #Result - Grayscale image

输入图像:

输出图像:

你可以这样做:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.image as mpimg

def rgb_to_gray(img):
        grayImage = np.zeros(img.shape)
        R = np.array(img[:, :, 0])
        G = np.array(img[:, :, 1])
        B = np.array(img[:, :, 2])

        R = (R *.299)
        G = (G *.587)
        B = (B *.114)

        Avg = (R+G+B)
        grayImage = img.copy()

        for i in range(3):
           grayImage[:,:,i] = Avg
           
        return grayImage       

image = mpimg.imread("your_image.png")   
grayImage = rgb_to_gray(image)  
plt.imshow(grayImage)
plt.show()

如果你已经在使用NumPy/SciPy，你可以使用:

scipy.ndimage。imread (file_name模式= ' L ')

我通过谷歌找到了这个问题，寻找一种将已经加载的图像转换为灰度的方法。

下面是一种使用SciPy的方法:

import scipy.misc
import scipy.ndimage

# Load an example image
# Use scipy.ndimage.imread(file_name, mode='L') if you have your own
img = scipy.misc.face()

# Convert the image
R = img[:, :, 0]
G = img[:, :, 1]
B = img[:, :, 2]
img_gray = R * 299. / 1000 + G * 587. / 1000 + B * 114. / 1000

# Show the image
scipy.misc.imshow(img_gray)

在Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xeon E5 2670 with SSD)上运行Python 3.5，测试了1000个RGBA PNG图像(224 x 256像素)的速度。

平均运行时间

pil: 1.037秒

1040秒

Sk: 2秒120

PIL和SciPy给出了相同的numpy数组(范围从0到255)。SkImage给出了从0到1的数组。此外，颜色转换略有不同，请参阅来自CUB-200数据集的示例。

SkImage:

PIL:

SciPy:

原:

差异:

Code

Performance run_times = dict(sk=list(), pil=list(), scipy=list()) for t in range(100): start_time = time.time() for i in range(1000): z = random.choice(filenames_png) img = skimage.color.rgb2gray(skimage.io.imread(z)) run_times['sk'].append(time.time() - start_time) start_time = time.time() for i in range(1000): z = random.choice(filenames_png) img = np.array(Image.open(z).convert('L')) run_times['pil'].append(time.time() - start_time) start_time = time.time() for i in range(1000): z = random.choice(filenames_png) img = scipy.ndimage.imread(z, mode='L') run_times['scipy'].append(time.time() - start_time) for k, v in run_times.items(): print('{:5}: {:0.3f} seconds'.format(k, sum(v) / len(v))) Output z = 'Cardinal_0007_3025810472.jpg' img1 = skimage.color.rgb2gray(skimage.io.imread(z)) * 255 IPython.display.display(PIL.Image.fromarray(img1).convert('RGB')) img2 = np.array(Image.open(z).convert('L')) IPython.display.display(PIL.Image.fromarray(img2)) img3 = scipy.ndimage.imread(z, mode='L') IPython.display.display(PIL.Image.fromarray(img3)) Comparison img_diff = np.ndarray(shape=img1.shape, dtype='float32') img_diff.fill(128) img_diff += (img1 - img3) img_diff -= img_diff.min() img_diff *= (255/img_diff.max()) IPython.display.display(PIL.Image.fromarray(img_diff).convert('RGB')) Imports import skimage.color import skimage.io import random import time from PIL import Image import numpy as np import scipy.ndimage import IPython.display Versions skimage.version 0.13.0 scipy.version 0.19.1 np.version 1.13.1

image=myCamera.getImage().crop(xx,xx,xx,xx).scale(xx,xx).greyscale()

您可以直接使用灰度()进行转换。