Python文档涵盖了这些内容:

class Singleton(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
        it = cls.__dict__.get("__it__")
        if it is not None:
            return it
        cls.__it__ = it = object.__new__(cls)
        it.init(*args, **kwds)
        return it
    def init(self, *args, **kwds):
        pass

我可能会重写成这样:

class Singleton(object):
    """Use to create a singleton"""
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
        """
        >>> s = Singleton()
        >>> p = Singleton()
        >>> id(s) == id(p)
        True
        """
        it_id = "__it__"
        # getattr will dip into base classes, so __dict__ must be used
        it = cls.__dict__.get(it_id, None)
        if it is not None:
            return it
        it = object.__new__(cls)
        setattr(cls, it_id, it)
        it.init(*args, **kwds)
        return it

    def init(self, *args, **kwds):
        pass


class A(Singleton):
    pass


class B(Singleton):
    pass


class C(A):
    pass


assert A() is A()
assert B() is B()
assert C() is C()
assert A() is not B()
assert C() is not B()
assert C() is not A()

它应该是相对干净的扩展:

class Bus(Singleton):
    def init(self, label=None, *args, **kwds):
        self.label = label
        self.channels = [Channel("system"), Channel("app")]
        ...

在Python中实现单例的一个稍微不同的方法是Alex Martelli(谷歌员工和Python天才)的borg模式。

class Borg:
    __shared_state = {}
    def __init__(self):
        self.__dict__ = self.__shared_state

因此，它们共享状态，而不是强制所有实例具有相同的标识。

我的简单解决方案是基于函数参数的默认值。

def getSystemContext(contextObjList=[]):
    if len( contextObjList ) == 0:
        contextObjList.append( Context() )
        pass
    return contextObjList[0]

class Context(object):
    # Anything you want here

class Singleton(object[,...]):

    staticVar1 = None
    staticVar2 = None

    def __init__(self):
        if self.__class__.staticVar1==None :
            # create class instance variable for instantiation of class
            # assign class instance variable values to class static variables
        else:
            # assign class static variable values to class instance variables

如果你不想要上面的基于元类的解决方案，并且你不喜欢简单的基于函数装饰器的方法(例如，因为在这种情况下，单例类上的静态方法将不起作用)，这种妥协是可行的:

class singleton(object):
  """Singleton decorator."""

  def __init__(self, cls):
      self.__dict__['cls'] = cls

  instances = {}

  def __call__(self):
      if self.cls not in self.instances:
          self.instances[self.cls] = self.cls()
      return self.instances[self.cls]

  def __getattr__(self, attr):
      return getattr(self.__dict__['cls'], attr)

  def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
      return setattr(self.__dict__['cls'], attr, value)

Python文档涵盖了这些内容:

class Singleton(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
        it = cls.__dict__.get("__it__")
        if it is not None:
            return it
        cls.__it__ = it = object.__new__(cls)
        it.init(*args, **kwds)
        return it
    def init(self, *args, **kwds):
        pass

我可能会重写成这样:

class Singleton(object):
    """Use to create a singleton"""
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
        """
        >>> s = Singleton()
        >>> p = Singleton()
        >>> id(s) == id(p)
        True
        """
        it_id = "__it__"
        # getattr will dip into base classes, so __dict__ must be used
        it = cls.__dict__.get(it_id, None)
        if it is not None:
            return it
        it = object.__new__(cls)
        setattr(cls, it_id, it)
        it.init(*args, **kwds)
        return it

    def init(self, *args, **kwds):
        pass


class A(Singleton):
    pass


class B(Singleton):
    pass


class C(A):
    pass


assert A() is A()
assert B() is B()
assert C() is C()
assert A() is not B()
assert C() is not B()
assert C() is not A()

它应该是相对干净的扩展:

class Bus(Singleton):
    def init(self, label=None, *args, **kwds):
        self.label = label
        self.channels = [Channel("system"), Channel("app")]
        ...