我理解这种结构是如何运作的:
for i in range(10):
print(i)
if i == 9:
print("Too big - I'm giving up!")
break
else:
print("Completed successfully")
但我不明白为什么在这里使用else作为关键字，因为它表明有问题的代码只在for块未完成时运行，这与它所做的相反!无论我怎么想，我的大脑都不能从for语句无缝地过渡到else语句块。对我来说，continue和continuouswith更有意义(我正试着训练自己这样读它)。
我想知道Python程序员是如何在头脑中(或者大声地，如果你喜欢)阅读这个结构的。也许我遗漏了一些可以使这些代码块更容易破译的东西?
这个问题是关于底层设计决策的，也就是说，为什么能够编写这些代码是有用的。另请参阅Python while语句中的Else子句，了解语法含义的具体问题。
当前回答
else子句在循环正常完成后执行。这意味着The:==> 只有当循环没有被break语句终止时，才会在for/while语句之后执行else块
for item in lista:
if(obj == item ):
print("if True then break will run and else not run")
break;
else:
print("in else => obj not fount ")
其他回答
一个循环的else分支只执行一次，不管这个循环是否进入它的循环体，除非循环体已经进入但没有结束。也就是说，在循环中会遇到break或return语句。
my_list = []
for i in my_list:
print(i, end=',')
else:
print('loop did not enter')
##################################
for i in range(1,6,1):
print(i, end=',')
else:
print('loop completed successfully:', i)
##################################
for i in range(1,6,1):
if i == 3:
print('loop did not finish:', i)
break
print(i, end=',')
else:
print('else:', i)
输出:
loop did not enter
1,2,3,4,5,loop completed successfully: 5
1,2,loop did not finish: 3
while-else也是一样的。
import random
random.seed(8)
i = 100
while i < 90:
print(i, end=',')
i = random.randint(0,100)
else:
print('loop did not enter:', i)
##################################
i = 25
while i < 90:
print(i, end=',')
i = random.randint(0,100)
else:
print('loop completed successfully:', i)
##################################
i = 25
while i < 90:
if i % 10 == 0:
print('loop did not finish:', i)
break
print(i, end=',')
i = random.randint(0,100)
else:
print('else:', i)
输出:
loop did not enter: 100
25,29,47,48,16,24,loop completed successfully: 90
25,5,loop did not finish: 10
for i in range(3):
print(i)
if i == 2:
print("Too big - I'm giving up!")
break;
else:
print("Completed successfully")
"else"在这里非常简单，意思是
1、“if for从句是完整的”
for i in range(3):
print(i)
if i == 2:
print("Too big - I'm giving up!")
break;
if "for clause is completed":
print("Completed successfully")
写“for从句已完成”这样长的语句是很笨拙的，所以他们引入了“else”。
否则这里本质上是一个如果。
2、然而，How about for从句根本没有出现
In [331]: for i in range(0):
...: print(i)
...:
...: if i == 9:
...: print("Too big - I'm giving up!")
...: break
...: else:
...: print("Completed successfully")
...:
Completed successfully
所以这完全是逻辑组合:
if "for clause is completed" or "not run at all":
do else stuff
或者这样说:
if "for clause is not partially run":
do else stuff
或者这样:
if "for clause not encounter a break":
do else stuff
你可以这样想， 其他的东西，或者其他的东西，不是在循环中完成的。
我同意，它更像是一个'elif not[条件(s)提高中断]'。
我知道这是一个老话题，但我现在正在研究同样的问题，我不确定是否有人能以我理解的方式抓住这个问题的答案。
对我来说，有三种方法来“阅读”For…else or While…所有等价的Else语句是:
Else ==如果循环正常完成(没有中断或错误) Else ==如果循环没有遇到断点 Else == Else not(条件引发中断)(假设存在这样的条件，否则就不会有循环)
因此，从本质上讲，循环中的“else”实际上是一个“elif…”，其中'…’表示(1)不中断，相当于(2)NOT[条件(s)引发中断]。
我认为关键在于，如果没有break, else是没有意义的，所以for…其他的包括:
for:
do stuff
conditional break # implied by else
else not break:
do more stuff
a的基本元素。else循环如下所示，你可以用更简单的英语阅读它们:
for:
do stuff
condition:
break
else: # read as "else not break" or "else not condition"
do more stuff
正如其他帖子所说，当你能够找到你的循环正在寻找的东西时，通常会引发一个break，所以else:变成了“如果目标物品没有找到，该怎么办”。
例子
您还可以同时使用异常处理、中断和for循环。
for x in range(0,3):
print("x: {}".format(x))
if x == 2:
try:
raise AssertionError("ASSERTION ERROR: x is {}".format(x))
except:
print(AssertionError("ASSERTION ERROR: x is {}".format(x)))
break
else:
print("X loop complete without error")
结果
x: 0
x: 1
x: 2
ASSERTION ERROR: x is 2
----------
# loop not completed (hit break), so else didn't run
例子
一个简单的例子，断点被击中。
for y in range(0,3):
print("y: {}".format(y))
if y == 2: # will be executed
print("BREAK: y is {}\n----------".format(y))
break
else: # not executed because break is hit
print("y_loop completed without break----------\n")
结果
y: 0
y: 1
y: 2
BREAK: y is 2
----------
# loop not completed (hit break), so else didn't run
例子
没有中断的简单示例，没有引发中断的条件，也没有遇到错误。
for z in range(0,3):
print("z: {}".format(z))
if z == 4: # will not be executed
print("BREAK: z is {}\n".format(y))
break
if z == 4: # will not be executed
raise AssertionError("ASSERTION ERROR: x is {}".format(x))
else:
print("z_loop complete without break or error\n----------\n")
结果
z: 0
z: 1
z: 2
z_loop complete without break or error
----------
The easiest way I found to 'get' what the for/else did, and more importantly, when to use it, was to concentrate on where the break statement jumps to. The For/else construct is a single block. The break jumps out of the block, and so jumps 'over' the else clause. If the contents of the else clause simply followed the for clause, it would never be jumped over, and so the equivalent logic would have to be provided by putting it in an if. This has been said before, but not quite in these words, so it may help somebody else. Try running the following code fragment. I'm wholeheartedly in favour of the 'no break' comment for clarity.
for a in range(3):
print(a)
if a==4: # change value to force break or not
break
else: #no break +10 for whoever thought of this decoration
print('for completed OK')
print('statement after for loop')
编辑-我注意到这个问题仍然在运行
第二个更好的想法……
“没有休息”的评论是负面的。要理解一个正的断言要容易得多，那就是for可迭代对象已经用完了。
for a in range(3):
print(a)
if a==4: # change value to force break or not
print('ending for loop with a break')
break
else: # for iterable exhausted
print('ending for loop as iterable exhausted')
print('for loop ended one way or another')
这也强化了这种解释
if iterable_supplies_a_value:
run_the_for_with_that_value
else:
do_something_else
