我有一个nxm个由非负整数组成的矩阵。例如:
2 3 4 7 1
1 5 2 6 2
4 3 4 2 1
2 1 2 4 1
3 1 3 4 1
2 1 4 3 2
6 9 1 6 4
“投下炸弹”会使目标细胞及其所有八个邻居的数量减少一个，直到最小值为零。
x x x
x X x
x x x
什么样的算法可以确定将所有细胞减少到零所需的最少炸弹数量?
B选项(因为我不是一个细心的读者)
事实上，问题的第一个版本并不是我要寻找的答案。我没有仔细阅读整个任务，有额外的约束条件，让我们说:
那么简单的问题是，当行中的序列必须是非递增的:
8 7 6 6 5是可能的输入序列
7 8 5 5 2是不可能的，因为7 -> 8在一个序列中增长。
也许为“简单”的问题找到答案会有助于为更难的问题找到解决方案。
PS:我相信当我们有几个相同的情况需要最少的炸弹来清除上面的线时，我们会选择在“左侧”使用最多炸弹的一个。还有什么证据是正确的吗?
当前回答
在这里，线性规划方法似乎非常有用。
设Pm x n为包含位置值的矩阵:
现在定义一个炸弹矩阵B(x, y)m x n，其中1≤x≤m, 1≤y≤n如下所示
以这样一种方式
例如:
所以我们正在寻找一个矩阵Bm x n = [bij]
可以定义为炸弹矩阵的和: (qij将是我们在pij位置投放的炸弹数量) pij - bij≤0(为了更简洁，我们称之为P - B≤0)
而且，B应该使和最小。
我们也可以把B写成前面的丑矩阵:
由于P - B≤0(即P≤B)，我们得到了如下线性不等式系统:
qmn x1定义为
PMN x 1定义为
我们可以说我们有一个方程组是smnxmn这个矩阵要倒转来解方程组。我自己没有扩展它，但我相信在代码中应该很容易做到。
现在，我们有一个最小的问题可以表述为
I believe it is something easy, almost trivial to be solved with something like the simplex algorithm (there is this rather cool doc about it). However, I do know almost no linear programming (I will take a course about it on Coursera but it is just in the future...), I had some headaches trying to understand it and I have a huge freelance job to finish so I just give up here. It can be that I did something wrong at some point, or that it can't go any further, but I believe this path can eventually lead to the solution. Anyway, I am anxious for your feedback.
(特别感谢这个神奇的网站从LaTeX表达式创建图片)
其他回答
如果你想要绝对最优解来清理棋盘，你将不得不使用经典的回溯，但如果矩阵非常大，它将需要很长时间才能找到最佳解，如果你想要一个“可能的”最优解，你可以使用贪婪算法，如果你需要帮助写算法，我可以帮助你
现在想想，这是最好的办法。在那里制作另一个矩阵，存储通过投掷炸弹而移除的点，然后选择点数最多的单元格，并在那里投掷炸弹更新点数矩阵，然后继续。例子:
2 3 5 -> (2+(1*3)) (3+(1*5)) (5+(1*3))
1 3 2 -> (1+(1*4)) (3+(1*7)) (2+(1*4))
1 0 2 -> (1+(1*2)) (0+(1*5)) (2+(1*2))
对于每个相邻的高于0的单元格，单元格值+1
我想不出一个计算实际数字的方法除非用我最好的启发式方法计算轰炸行动并希望得到一个合理的结果。
So my method is to compute a bombing efficiency metric for each cell, bomb the cell with the highest value, .... iterate the process until I've flattened everything. Some have advocated using simple potential damage (i.e. score from 0 to 9) as a metric, but that falls short by pounding high value cells and not making use of damage overlap. I'd calculate cell value - sum of all neighbouring cells, reset any positive to 0 and use the absolute value of anything negative. Intuitively this metric should make a selection that help maximise damage overlap on cells with high counts instead of pounding those directly.
下面的代码在28个炸弹中达到了测试场的完全破坏(注意，使用潜在伤害作为度量，结果是31!)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
namespace StackOverflow
{
internal class Program
{
// store the battle field as flat array + dimensions
private static int _width = 5;
private static int _length = 7;
private static int[] _field = new int[] {
2, 3, 4, 7, 1,
1, 5, 2, 6, 2,
4, 3, 4, 2, 1,
2, 1, 2, 4, 1,
3, 1, 3, 4, 1,
2, 1, 4, 3, 2,
6, 9, 1, 6, 4
};
// this will store the devastation metric
private static int[] _metric;
// do the work
private static void Main(string[] args)
{
int count = 0;
while (_field.Sum() > 0)
{
Console.Out.WriteLine("Round {0}:", ++count);
GetBlastPotential();
int cell_to_bomb = FindBestBombingSite();
PrintField(cell_to_bomb);
Bomb(cell_to_bomb);
}
Console.Out.WriteLine("Done in {0} rounds", count);
}
// convert 2D position to 1D index
private static int Get1DCoord(int x, int y)
{
if ((x < 0) || (y < 0) || (x >= _width) || (y >= _length)) return -1;
else
{
return (y * _width) + x;
}
}
// Convert 1D index to 2D position
private static void Get2DCoord(int n, out int x, out int y)
{
if ((n < 0) || (n >= _field.Length))
{
x = -1;
y = -1;
}
else
{
x = n % _width;
y = n / _width;
}
}
// Compute a list of 1D indices for a cell neighbours
private static List<int> GetNeighbours(int cell)
{
List<int> neighbours = new List<int>();
int x, y;
Get2DCoord(cell, out x, out y);
if ((x >= 0) && (y >= 0))
{
List<int> tmp = new List<int>();
tmp.Add(Get1DCoord(x - 1, y - 1));
tmp.Add(Get1DCoord(x - 1, y));
tmp.Add(Get1DCoord(x - 1, y + 1));
tmp.Add(Get1DCoord(x, y - 1));
tmp.Add(Get1DCoord(x, y + 1));
tmp.Add(Get1DCoord(x + 1, y - 1));
tmp.Add(Get1DCoord(x + 1, y));
tmp.Add(Get1DCoord(x + 1, y + 1));
// eliminate invalid coords - i.e. stuff past the edges
foreach (int c in tmp) if (c >= 0) neighbours.Add(c);
}
return neighbours;
}
// Compute the devastation metric for each cell
// Represent the Value of the cell minus the sum of all its neighbours
private static void GetBlastPotential()
{
_metric = new int[_field.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < _field.Length; i++)
{
_metric[i] = _field[i];
List<int> neighbours = GetNeighbours(i);
if (neighbours != null)
{
foreach (int j in neighbours) _metric[i] -= _field[j];
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < _metric.Length; i++)
{
_metric[i] = (_metric[i] < 0) ? Math.Abs(_metric[i]) : 0;
}
}
//// Compute the simple expected damage a bomb would score
//private static void GetBlastPotential()
//{
// _metric = new int[_field.Length];
// for (int i = 0; i < _field.Length; i++)
// {
// _metric[i] = (_field[i] > 0) ? 1 : 0;
// List<int> neighbours = GetNeighbours(i);
// if (neighbours != null)
// {
// foreach (int j in neighbours) _metric[i] += (_field[j] > 0) ? 1 : 0;
// }
// }
//}
// Update the battle field upon dropping a bomb
private static void Bomb(int cell)
{
List<int> neighbours = GetNeighbours(cell);
foreach (int i in neighbours)
{
if (_field[i] > 0) _field[i]--;
}
}
// Find the best bombing site - just return index of local maxima
private static int FindBestBombingSite()
{
int max_idx = 0;
int max_val = int.MinValue;
for (int i = 0; i < _metric.Length; i++)
{
if (_metric[i] > max_val)
{
max_val = _metric[i];
max_idx = i;
}
}
return max_idx;
}
// Display the battle field on the console
private static void PrintField(int cell)
{
for (int x = 0; x < _width; x++)
{
for (int y = 0; y < _length; y++)
{
int c = Get1DCoord(x, y);
if (c == cell)
Console.Out.Write(string.Format("[{0}]", _field[c]).PadLeft(4));
else
Console.Out.Write(string.Format(" {0} ", _field[c]).PadLeft(4));
}
Console.Out.Write(" || ");
for (int y = 0; y < _length; y++)
{
int c = Get1DCoord(x, y);
if (c == cell)
Console.Out.Write(string.Format("[{0}]", _metric[c]).PadLeft(4));
else
Console.Out.Write(string.Format(" {0} ", _metric[c]).PadLeft(4));
}
Console.Out.WriteLine();
}
Console.Out.WriteLine();
}
}
}
产生的轰炸模式输出如下(左边是字段值，右边是度量值)
Round 1:
2 1 4 2 3 2 6 || 7 16 8 10 4 18 6
3 5 3 1 1 1 9 || 11 18 18 21 17 28 5
4 [2] 4 2 3 4 1 || 19 [32] 21 20 17 24 22
7 6 2 4 4 3 6 || 8 17 20 14 16 22 8
1 2 1 1 1 2 4 || 14 15 14 11 13 16 7
Round 2:
2 1 4 2 3 2 6 || 5 13 6 9 4 18 6
2 4 2 1 1 [1] 9 || 10 15 17 19 17 [28] 5
3 2 3 2 3 4 1 || 16 24 18 17 17 24 22
6 5 1 4 4 3 6 || 7 14 19 12 16 22 8
1 2 1 1 1 2 4 || 12 12 12 10 13 16 7
Round 3:
2 1 4 2 2 1 5 || 5 13 6 7 3 15 5
2 4 2 1 0 1 8 || 10 15 17 16 14 20 2
3 [2] 3 2 2 3 0 || 16 [24] 18 15 16 21 21
6 5 1 4 4 3 6 || 7 14 19 11 14 19 6
1 2 1 1 1 2 4 || 12 12 12 10 13 16 7
Round 4:
2 1 4 2 2 1 5 || 3 10 4 6 3 15 5
1 3 1 1 0 1 8 || 9 12 16 14 14 20 2
2 2 2 2 2 [3] 0 || 13 16 15 12 16 [21] 21
5 4 0 4 4 3 6 || 6 11 18 9 14 19 6
1 2 1 1 1 2 4 || 10 9 10 9 13 16 7
Round 5:
2 1 4 2 2 1 5 || 3 10 4 6 2 13 3
1 3 1 1 0 [0] 7 || 9 12 16 13 12 [19] 2
2 2 2 2 1 3 0 || 13 16 15 10 14 15 17
5 4 0 4 3 2 5 || 6 11 18 7 13 17 6
1 2 1 1 1 2 4 || 10 9 10 8 11 13 5
Round 6:
2 1 4 2 1 0 4 || 3 10 4 5 2 11 2
1 3 1 1 0 0 6 || 9 12 16 11 8 13 0
2 2 2 2 0 2 0 || 13 16 15 9 14 14 15
5 4 [0] 4 3 2 5 || 6 11 [18] 6 11 15 5
1 2 1 1 1 2 4 || 10 9 10 8 11 13 5
Round 7:
2 1 4 2 1 0 4 || 3 10 4 5 2 11 2
1 3 1 1 0 0 6 || 8 10 13 9 7 13 0
2 [1] 1 1 0 2 0 || 11 [15] 12 8 12 14 15
5 3 0 3 3 2 5 || 3 8 10 3 8 15 5
1 1 0 0 1 2 4 || 8 8 7 7 9 13 5
Round 8:
2 1 4 2 1 0 4 || 1 7 2 4 2 11 2
0 2 0 1 0 0 6 || 7 7 12 7 7 13 0
1 1 0 1 0 2 0 || 8 8 10 6 12 14 15
4 2 0 3 3 [2] 5 || 2 6 8 2 8 [15] 5
1 1 0 0 1 2 4 || 6 6 6 7 9 13 5
Round 9:
2 1 4 2 1 0 4 || 1 7 2 4 2 11 2
0 2 0 1 0 0 6 || 7 7 12 7 6 12 0
1 1 0 1 0 [1] 0 || 8 8 10 5 10 [13] 13
4 2 0 3 2 2 4 || 2 6 8 0 6 9 3
1 1 0 0 0 1 3 || 6 6 6 5 8 10 4
Round 10:
2 1 4 2 1 0 4 || 1 7 2 4 2 10 1
0 2 [0] 1 0 0 5 || 7 7 [12] 7 6 11 0
1 1 0 1 0 1 0 || 8 8 10 4 8 9 10
4 2 0 3 1 1 3 || 2 6 8 0 6 8 3
1 1 0 0 0 1 3 || 6 6 6 4 6 7 2
Round 11:
2 0 3 1 1 0 4 || 0 6 0 3 0 10 1
0 1 0 0 0 [0] 5 || 4 5 5 5 3 [11] 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 || 6 8 6 4 6 9 10
4 2 0 3 1 1 3 || 1 5 6 0 5 8 3
1 1 0 0 0 1 3 || 6 6 6 4 6 7 2
Round 12:
2 0 3 1 0 0 3 || 0 6 0 2 1 7 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 4 || 4 5 5 4 1 7 0
1 0 0 0 0 [0] 0 || 6 8 6 4 5 [9] 8
4 2 0 3 1 1 3 || 1 5 6 0 4 7 2
1 1 0 0 0 1 3 || 6 6 6 4 6 7 2
Round 13:
2 0 3 1 0 0 3 || 0 6 0 2 1 6 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 3 || 4 5 5 4 1 6 0
1 [0] 0 0 0 0 0 || 6 [8] 6 3 3 5 5
4 2 0 3 0 0 2 || 1 5 6 0 4 6 2
1 1 0 0 0 1 3 || 6 6 6 3 4 4 0
Round 14:
2 0 3 1 0 [0] 3 || 0 5 0 2 1 [6] 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 3 || 2 5 4 4 1 6 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 4 4 4 3 3 5 5
3 1 0 3 0 0 2 || 0 4 5 0 4 6 2
1 1 0 0 0 1 3 || 4 4 5 3 4 4 0
Round 15:
2 0 3 1 0 0 2 || 0 5 0 2 1 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 || 2 5 4 4 1 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 4 4 4 3 3 4 4
3 1 0 3 0 [0] 2 || 0 4 5 0 4 [6] 2
1 1 0 0 0 1 3 || 4 4 5 3 4 4 0
Round 16:
2 [0] 3 1 0 0 2 || 0 [5] 0 2 1 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 || 2 5 4 4 1 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 4 4 4 3 3 3 3
3 1 0 3 0 0 1 || 0 4 5 0 3 3 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 2 || 4 4 5 3 3 3 0
Round 17:
1 0 2 1 0 0 2 || 0 3 0 1 1 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 || 1 3 3 3 1 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 4 4 4 3 3 3 3
3 1 [0] 3 0 0 1 || 0 4 [5] 0 3 3 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 2 || 4 4 5 3 3 3 0
Round 18:
1 0 2 1 0 0 2 || 0 3 0 1 1 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 || 1 3 3 3 1 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 3 3 2 2 2 3 3
3 [0] 0 2 0 0 1 || 0 [4] 2 0 2 3 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 2 || 2 4 2 2 2 3 0
Round 19:
1 0 2 1 0 [0] 2 || 0 3 0 1 1 [4] 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 || 1 3 3 3 1 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
2 0 0 2 0 0 1 || 0 2 2 0 2 3 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 || 2 2 2 2 2 3 0
Round 20:
1 [0] 2 1 0 0 1 || 0 [3] 0 1 1 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 1 3 3 3 1 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 0 0 2 0 0 1 || 0 2 2 0 2 3 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 || 2 2 2 2 2 3 0
Round 21:
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 || 0 1 0 0 1 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 0 1 2 2 1 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 0 0 2 0 [0] 1 || 0 2 2 0 2 [3] 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 || 2 2 2 2 2 3 0
Round 22:
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 || 0 1 0 0 1 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 0 1 2 2 1 2 0
[0] 0 0 0 0 0 0 || [2] 2 2 2 2 1 1
2 0 0 2 0 0 0 || 0 2 2 0 2 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 2 2 2 2 2 1 0
Round 23:
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 || 0 1 0 0 1 2 0
0 0 [0] 0 0 0 1 || 0 1 [2] 2 1 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 1 1 2 2 2 1 1
1 0 0 2 0 0 0 || 0 1 2 0 2 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 1 1 2 2 2 1 0
Round 24:
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
0 0 [0] 0 0 0 0 || 1 1 [2] 2 2 1 1
1 0 0 2 0 0 0 || 0 1 2 0 2 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 1 1 2 2 2 1 0
Round 25:
0 0 0 0 0 [0] 1 || 0 0 0 0 0 [2] 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 || 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
Round 26:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[0] 0 0 0 0 0 0 || [1] 1 1 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 || 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
Round 27:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 [0] 0 0 0 0 || 0 0 [1] 1 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 || 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
Round 28:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 || 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 [0] 0 || 0 0 0 0 0 [1] 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 || 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Done in 28 rounds
生成最慢但最简单且无错误的算法，并测试所有有效的可能性。这种情况非常简单(因为结果与炸弹放置的顺序无关)。
创建N次应用bomp的函数 为所有炸弹放置/炸弹计数可能性创建循环(当矩阵==0时停止) 记住最好的解决方案。 在循环的最后，你得到了最好的解决方案 不仅是炸弹的数量，还有它们的位置
代码可以是这样的:
void copy(int **A,int **B,int m,int n)
{
for (int i=0;i<m;i++)
for (int j=0;i<n;j++)
A[i][j]=B[i][j];
}
bool is_zero(int **M,int m,int n)
{
for (int i=0;i<m;i++)
for (int j=0;i<n;j++)
if (M[i][j]) return 0;
return 1;
}
void drop_bomb(int **M,int m,int n,int i,int j,int N)
{
int ii,jj;
ii=i-1; jj=j-1; if ((ii>=0)&&(ii<m)&&(jj>=0)&&(jj<n)&&(M[ii][jj])) { M[ii][jj]-=N; if (M[ii][jj]<0) M[ii][jj]=0; }
ii=i-1; jj=j ; if ((ii>=0)&&(ii<m)&&(jj>=0)&&(jj<n)&&(M[ii][jj])) { M[ii][jj]-=N; if (M[ii][jj]<0) M[ii][jj]=0; }
ii=i-1; jj=j+1; if ((ii>=0)&&(ii<m)&&(jj>=0)&&(jj<n)&&(M[ii][jj])) { M[ii][jj]-=N; if (M[ii][jj]<0) M[ii][jj]=0; }
ii=i ; jj=j-1; if ((ii>=0)&&(ii<m)&&(jj>=0)&&(jj<n)&&(M[ii][jj])) { M[ii][jj]-=N; if (M[ii][jj]<0) M[ii][jj]=0; }
ii=i ; jj=j ; if ((ii>=0)&&(ii<m)&&(jj>=0)&&(jj<n)&&(M[ii][jj])) { M[ii][jj]-=N; if (M[ii][jj]<0) M[ii][jj]=0; }
ii=i ; jj=j+1; if ((ii>=0)&&(ii<m)&&(jj>=0)&&(jj<n)&&(M[ii][jj])) { M[ii][jj]-=N; if (M[ii][jj]<0) M[ii][jj]=0; }
ii=i+1; jj=j-1; if ((ii>=0)&&(ii<m)&&(jj>=0)&&(jj<n)&&(M[ii][jj])) { M[ii][jj]-=N; if (M[ii][jj]<0) M[ii][jj]=0; }
ii=i+1; jj=j ; if ((ii>=0)&&(ii<m)&&(jj>=0)&&(jj<n)&&(M[ii][jj])) { M[ii][jj]-=N; if (M[ii][jj]<0) M[ii][jj]=0; }
ii=i+1; jj=j+1; if ((ii>=0)&&(ii<m)&&(jj>=0)&&(jj<n)&&(M[ii][jj])) { M[ii][jj]-=N; if (M[ii][jj]<0) M[ii][jj]=0; }
}
void solve_problem(int **M,int m,int n)
{
int i,j,k,max=0;
// you probably will need to allocate matrices P,TP,TM yourself instead of this:
int P[m][n],min; // solution: placement,min bomb count
int TM[m][n],TP[m][n],cnt; // temp
for (i=0;i<m;i++) // max count of bomb necessary to test
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
if (max<M[i][j]) max=M[i][j];
for (i=0;i<m;i++) // reset solution
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
P[i][j]=max;
min=m*n*max;
copy(TP,P,m,n); cnt=min;
for (;;) // generate all possibilities
{
copy(TM,M,m,n);
for (i=0;i<m;i++) // test solution
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
drop_bomb(TM,m,n,TP[i][j]);
if (is_zero(TM,m,n))// is solution
if (min>cnt) // is better solution -> store it
{
copy(P,TP,m,n);
min=cnt;
}
// go to next possibility
for (i=0,j=0;;)
{
TP[i][j]--;
if (TP[i][j]>=0) break;
TP[i][j]=max;
i++; if (i<m) break;
i=0; j++; if (j<n) break;
break;
}
if (is_zero(TP,m,n)) break;
}
//result is in P,min
}
这可以通过很多方式进行优化，……最简单的是用M矩阵重置解，但你需要改变最大值和TP[][]递减代码
蛮力!
我知道它效率不高，但即使你找到了一个更快的算法，你也可以对这个结果进行测试，以了解它有多准确。
使用一些递归，像这样:
void fn(tableState ts, currentlevel cl)
{
// first check if ts is all zeros yet, if not:
//
// do a for loop to go through all cells of ts,
// for each cell do a bomb, and then
// call:
// fn(ts, cl + 1);
}
你可以通过缓存来提高效率，如果不同的方法导致相同的结果，你不应该重复相同的步骤。
阐述:
如果轰炸单元格1,3,5的结果与轰炸单元格5,3,1的结果相同，那么，对于这两种情况，您不应该重新执行所有后续步骤，只需1就足够了，您应该将所有表状态存储在某个地方并使用其结果。
表统计信息的散列可以用于快速比较。
这是对第一个问题的回答。我没有注意到他改变了参数。
创建一个所有目标的列表。根据掉落物品(掉落物品本身和所有邻居)影响的正数值的数量为目标分配一个值。最高值是9。
根据受影响目标的数量(降序)对目标进行排序，对每个受影响目标的和进行二次降序排序。
向排名最高的目标投掷炸弹，然后重新计算目标，直到所有目标值都为零。
同意，这并不总是最优的。例如,
100011
011100
011100
011100
000000
100011
这种方法需要5枚炸弹才能清除。最理想的情况是，你可以在4分钟内完成。不过,很 非常接近，没有回头路。在大多数情况下，这将是最优的，或者非常接近。
使用原来的问题数，该方法解决28个炸弹。
添加代码来演示这种方法(使用带有按钮的表单):
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int[,] matrix = new int[10, 10] {{5, 20, 7, 1, 9, 8, 19, 16, 11, 3},
{17, 8, 15, 17, 12, 4, 5, 16, 8, 18},
{ 4, 19, 12, 11, 9, 7, 4, 15, 14, 6},
{ 17, 20, 4, 9, 19, 8, 17, 2, 10, 8},
{ 3, 9, 10, 13, 8, 9, 12, 12, 6, 18},
{16, 16, 2, 10, 7, 12, 17, 11, 4, 15},
{ 11, 1, 15, 1, 5, 11, 3, 12, 8, 3},
{ 7, 11, 16, 19, 17, 11, 20, 2, 5, 19},
{ 5, 18, 2, 17, 7, 14, 19, 11, 1, 6},
{ 13, 20, 8, 4, 15, 10, 19, 5, 11, 12}};
int value = 0;
List<Target> Targets = GetTargets(matrix);
while (Targets.Count > 0)
{
BombTarget(ref matrix, Targets[0]);
value += 1;
Targets = GetTargets(matrix);
}
Console.WriteLine( value);
MessageBox.Show("done: " + value);
}
private static void BombTarget(ref int[,] matrix, Target t)
{
for (int a = t.x - 1; a <= t.x + 1; a++)
{
for (int b = t.y - 1; b <= t.y + 1; b++)
{
if (a >= 0 && a <= matrix.GetUpperBound(0))
{
if (b >= 0 && b <= matrix.GetUpperBound(1))
{
if (matrix[a, b] > 0)
{
matrix[a, b] -= 1;
}
}
}
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Dropped bomb on " + t.x + "," + t.y);
}
private static List<Target> GetTargets(int[,] matrix)
{
List<Target> Targets = new List<Target>();
int width = matrix.GetUpperBound(0);
int height = matrix.GetUpperBound(1);
for (int x = 0; x <= width; x++)
{
for (int y = 0; y <= height; y++)
{
Target t = new Target();
t.x = x;
t.y = y;
SetTargetValue(matrix, ref t);
if (t.value > 0) Targets.Add(t);
}
}
Targets = Targets.OrderByDescending(x => x.value).ThenByDescending( x => x.sum).ToList();
return Targets;
}
private static void SetTargetValue(int[,] matrix, ref Target t)
{
for (int a = t.x - 1; a <= t.x + 1; a++)
{
for (int b = t.y - 1; b <= t.y + 1; b++)
{
if (a >= 0 && a <= matrix.GetUpperBound(0))
{
if (b >= 0 && b <= matrix.GetUpperBound(1))
{
if (matrix[ a, b] > 0)
{
t.value += 1;
t.sum += matrix[a,b];
}
}
}
}
}
}
你需要的一个类:
class Target
{
public int value;
public int sum;
public int x;
public int y;
}
