复合意味着创建一个与特定类有关系的类的对象。 假设学生与会计有关系;

继承是，这是带有扩展特性的前一个类。这意味着这个新类是具有一些扩展特性的旧类。 假设学生是学生，但所有的学生都是人。所以这是学生和人类之间的关系。这就是继承。

继承带来IS-A关系。复合引出HAS-A关系。 策略模式解释了组合应该用于定义特定行为的算法族的情况。典型的例子是实现飞行行为的鸭子类。

public interface Flyable{
 public void fly();
}

public class Duck {
 Flyable fly;

 public Duck(){
  fly = new BackwardFlying();
 }
}

因此，我们可以有多个实现飞行的类 例如:

public class BackwardFlying implements Flyable{
  public void fly(){
    Systemout.println("Flies backward ");
  }
}
public class FastFlying implements Flyable{
  public void fly(){
    Systemout.println("Flies 100 miles/sec");
  }
}

如果是继承的话，我们就会有两个不同的鸟类，它们会反复实现fly函数。所以继承和组合是完全不同的。

组合意味着有A 继承意味着IS A

例子:Car有引擎，Car是一辆汽车

在编程中，这被表示为:

class Engine {} // The Engine class.

class Automobile {} // Automobile class which is parent to Car class.

class Car extends Automobile { // Car is an Automobile, so Car class extends Automobile class.
  private Engine engine; // Car has an Engine so, Car class has an instance of Engine class as its member.
}

不，两者都不一样。组合遵循“HAS-A”关系，继承遵循“IS-A”关系。组合的最佳例子是战略模式。

继承Vs组合。

继承和组合都用于类行为的可重用性和扩展。

继承主要用在IS-A一类算法编程模型中，关系类型是指相似类型的对象。的例子。

吸尘器是一辆车 Safari是一辆车

这些是Car家族的。

Composition表示HAS-A关系类型。它显示了一个对象的能力，如Duster有五个齿轮，Safari有四个齿轮等。每当我们需要扩展现有类的能力时，就使用复合。例如，我们需要在Duster对象中添加一个齿轮，然后我们必须创建一个齿轮对象，并将其组合到Duster对象中。

除非所有派生类都需要这些功能，否则不应该对基类进行更改。对于这个场景，我们应该使用Composition。如

由类B派生

类A由类C派生

类A由类D派生。

当我们在类A中添加任何功能时，即使类C和类D不需要这些功能，它也可以用于所有子类。对于这个场景，我们需要为这些功能创建一个单独的类，并将其组合到所需的类中(这里是类B)。

下面是例子:

          // This is a base class
                 public abstract class Car
                    {
                       //Define prototype
                       public abstract void color();
                       public void Gear() {
                           Console.WriteLine("Car has a four Gear");
                       }
                    }


           // Here is the use of inheritence
           // This Desire class have four gears.
          //  But we need to add one more gear that is Neutral gear.

          public class Desire : Car
                   {
                       Neutral obj = null;
                       public Desire()
                       {
     // Here we are incorporating neutral gear(It is the use of composition). 
     // Now this class would have five gear. 

                           obj = new Neutral();
                           obj.NeutralGear();
                       }

                       public override void color()
                       {
                           Console.WriteLine("This is a white color car");
                       }

                   }


             // This Safari class have four gears and it is not required the neutral
             //  gear and hence we don't need to compose here.

                   public class Safari :Car{
                       public Safari()
                       { }

                       public override void color()
                       {
                           Console.WriteLine("This is a red color car");
                       }


                   }

   // This class represents the neutral gear and it would be used as a composition.

   public class Neutral {
                      public void NeutralGear() {
                           Console.WriteLine("This is a Neutral Gear");
                       }
                   }

Though both Inheritance and Composition provides code reusablility, main difference between Composition and Inheritance in Java is that Composition allows reuse of code without extending it but for Inheritance you must extend the class for any reuse of code or functionality. Another difference which comes from this fact is that by using Composition you can reuse code for even final class which is not extensible but Inheritance cannot reuse code in such cases. Also by using Composition you can reuse code from many classes as they are declared as just a member variable, but with Inheritance you can reuse code form just one class because in Java you can only extend one class, because multiple Inheritance is not supported in Java. You can do this in C++ though because there one class can extend more than one class. BTW, You should always prefer Composition over Inheritance in Java, its not just me but even Joshua Bloch has suggested in his book